additional, extra, supplementary

這些形容詞均有“另加的,額外的”之意。

1. additional :由名詞additon派生出的形容詞,指在原有基礎(chǔ)上添加上去的。

eg:?Passengers have to pay additional charges for their extra luggages.(旅客們超量攜帶的行李要額外付費(fèi)。)

2. extra :指不包括本身而額外加上去的部分。

eg:?The ship was loaded down with extra cargo.(船上又額外加裝了貨物。)

3. supplementary :由名詞supplement派生而來,指對(duì)原有的追加或補(bǔ)究。

eg:?There is a supplementary water supply in case the main supply fails.(萬一主水源斷了, 我們另外有供水的地方。)

address, greet, salute, hail, welcome

這些動(dòng)詞均有“歡迎、致敬、致意、招呼”之意。

1. address :側(cè)重打招呼的方式或指所使用的稱謂。

eg:?The President gave an address to the nation over the radio.(總統(tǒng)向全國(guó)發(fā)表廣播演說。)

2. greet :常指友好而熱誠(chéng)地歡迎。

eg:?The host greeted us at the gate.(主人在大門口迎接我們。)

3. salute :正式用詞,指用敬禮、親吻或揮帽等動(dòng)作向他人致意或問候,尤指以某種禮節(jié)歡迎某人。

eg:?The officers saluted as the soldiers marched past.(當(dāng)士兵以分列式通過時(shí), 軍官舉手敬禮。)

4. hail :主要指懷著敬意歡迎某人,側(cè)重歡快輕松和嘈雜。也指隔得較遠(yuǎn)的高聲招呼。

eg:?Millions of people hailed the astronauts.(數(shù)百萬人向宇航員們歡呼。)

5. welcome :多指熱情的官方的或正式的迎接或歡迎,但也指一般的歡迎。

eg:?He welcomed you to enjoy his hospitality.(他歡迎你去做客。)

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