動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).
1、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ).即跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,是涉及的直接對(duì)象.表示這個(gè)對(duì)象事什么要做什么。能直接帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等. 比如:
I want to have a boyfriend。我想有個(gè)男朋友。
I’d love to go to their party.我要去參加他們的聚會(huì)。
2、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ). 能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等. 請(qǐng)看例句:
My mother asked me to help those people in need。我媽媽告訴我要幫助有需要的人。
The teacher told her students to finish their homework。
3、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ): 即不定式直接跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,僅對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用.如果沒(méi)有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作賓語(yǔ)那樣,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有著密切的關(guān)系. 比如:
I come here just to say goodbye to you and best wished for your family.
這里需要講解的是,在這句話里的不定式表示的是目的狀語(yǔ)。表示是為了做某事。然鵝,to不定式還可以做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等等。童鞋們可以在了解后自行學(xué)習(xí)。