二是深化改革開放，激發(fā)經濟社會發(fā)展活力。
Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.
激發(fā)······活力 invigorate
針對束縛發(fā)展的體制機制障礙，我們通過全面深化改革，以釋放市場活力對沖經濟下行壓力，啃了不少硬骨頭，經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)文明等體制改革全面推進。
To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.
束縛： hold back （抑制；控制 | 阻擋，阻止，阻礙）
對沖： offset （抵消；補償）
硬骨頭：tough issues
體制改革：structural reforms
經濟下行壓力：downward economic pressure
障礙： obstruction
各種障礙的說法：obstacle,barrier,obstruction,bar,hindrance
這些名詞均含“障礙(物)”之意。
obstacle → 指在達到目的或前進的過程中必須消除或繞過的障礙物，也指起阻礙作用等情況。obstacles on the race-course 賽馬跑道上設置的障礙物 obstacles to world peace 世界和平的障礙
barrier → 常指臨時的或者可能跨越的障礙。Show your ticket at the barrier. 請在檢票處出示票以備查驗 barriers of race and religion 種族和宗教的鴻溝
obstruction → 常既指具體的障礙又可指抽象或喻意上的阻礙。 obstructions on the road, eg fallen trees 公路上的障礙物（如倒下的樹木） The government were defeated by the obstructionism of their opponents. 政府受到反對派阻撓而挫敗.
bar → 既可指阻止進出或通過的柵欄一類的障礙物，也可用于抽象意義障礙。
Poor health may be a bar to success in life. 健康不佳可能成為人一生中取得成功的障礙.
hindrance /?h??nts/ → 指妨礙他人進步或做事的人或物。 Some kitchen gadgets are more of a hindrance than a help. 有些靈巧的炊具非但沒有用處反而礙事. hindrance to traffic 交通障礙物
扎實推動重點改革。
We have made solid progress in key reforms.
制定并實施深化財稅體制改革總體方案，預算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進展，專項轉移支付項目比上年減少 1/3 以上，一般性轉移支付比重增加，地方政府性債務管理得到加強。
We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems.
The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened.
制定： formulate
其他制定的說法:
制定法令：enact decrees
制定計劃 ：work out a plan; lay down a plan;
制定法令：enact decrees
制定法律：make laws
比重：proportion
專項轉移支付項目： items receiving special transfer payments
一般性轉移支付：transfer payments for general purposes
減少 1/3 以上：over one third less than that of····
存款利率和匯率浮動區(qū)間擴大，民營銀行試點邁出新步伐，“滬港通”試點啟動，外匯儲備、保險資金運用范圍拓展。
The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened.
浮動區(qū)間：floating ranges
存款利率和匯率：interest rates on deposits and exchange rates
滬港通：Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
擴大：expand
擴展：broaden
能源、交通、環(huán)保、通信等領域價格改革加快。啟動科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機關事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度等改革。
Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.
交通：transport
通信：communications
戶籍制度： the household registration system
機關事業(yè)單位 Party and government offices and public institutions
養(yǎng)老保險制度 the pension system for ····
這句里的 reform 搭配可以注意下，前文多處用的是 reforms of 或者reforms in，這里用的是 reforms to?
