主持人：這對(duì)中國意味著什么？他們來到城市，找到工作嗎？找到機(jī)會(huì)嗎？
Host: What does that mean for China? They are coming in. Are they finding jobs? They are finding opportunities?

楊瀾：他們找到工作，也找到機(jī)會(huì)，但公共政策也需要為他們和他們下一代的需求做出調(diào)整。例如，地區(qū)城市怎么提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)、教育和住房給這些民工等等。他們是否應(yīng)該與城市人一樣被平等看待？很多的實(shí)踐在進(jìn)行中。在中國 300多個(gè)城市的人口超過百萬。
Yang Lan: They are finding jobs. They are finding opportunities. But also public policy needs to be adjusted to suit the needs of them and their children. For example, how should the local cities provide medical services, education, housing to these migrant workers. Should they be treated equally as city residents? And so on so forth. So a lot of experiments are going on. In China, there are more than 300 cities with a population beyond 1 million.

主持人：300個(gè)城市有過百萬人口？
Host: 300 cities with a population more than a million?

楊瀾：如果你今天到中國的二、三線城市，會(huì)看到大量的工程在進(jìn)行，還有更成熟的城市規(guī)劃。你會(huì)看到成百上千的新劇院在興建，還有博物館、公園，等等；高速火車將很快連接整個(gè)國家并把它的交通提升到一個(gè)新的水平；你還會(huì)看到溝通速度的提升，還有信息的傳播。我不知道這個(gè)國家將走向何方，但我想它會(huì)走向更開放，肯定是走向全球最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，我想它也是走向更開放的社會(huì)，并給年輕人提供更多的機(jī)會(huì)。
Yang Lan: If you visit second or third tier cities nowadays in China, massive construction, but also more sophisticated city planning. You see hundreds, thousands of new theaters being built, museums and parks and so on so forth. And the high-speed train will soon connect the whole country and raise it to another level of communication in transportation. So you will see the speeding up of communication and also the spread of information. I don't know what the country is heading for. But I think it is heading for a more open society. It's heading for the largest economy in the world for sure. I think it's also heading for a more open society. And also for young people, more opportunities.

主持人：為什么這個(gè)進(jìn)程沒有更快一些？
Host: Why doesn’t that take place faster?

楊瀾：保持穩(wěn)定是一個(gè)因素，試想3億人口的流動(dòng)。如果你看到那個(gè)場景，你會(huì)很驚訝，每年農(nóng)歷新年，有2億人口回他們?cè)谶呥h(yuǎn)地區(qū)的家鄉(xiāng)，那是一個(gè)龐大人流。城鄉(xiāng)收入差別也很大。年輕的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生可能無法負(fù)擔(dān)大城市飆升的房價(jià)，市場上有商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)泡沫破裂的恐懼。是的，有各種憂慮和擔(dān)心。我想保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定是一個(gè)大挑戰(zhàn)和任務(wù)。你相信嗎，作為媒體工作者，我有時(shí)想這個(gè)速度發(fā)展得太快了點(diǎn)。例如，土地的使用。我們可能是在濫用土地，把本該留給下一代的土地儲(chǔ)備都用了。我們?cè)谝粔K土地上建立了那么多的東西，例如建筑物，很多其實(shí)很差遲早要被拆除，這對(duì)環(huán)境、資源和資金是多么浪費(fèi)。我想社會(huì)是在開放，越來越開放。
Yang Lan: Instability is a big issue, if you have 300 million people migrating. If you see it, you will be astonished. Every year during Chinese New Year, there will be 200 million coming back home to their rural residence. That is the migration of a huge population. Also there is a huge disparity of income between the urban and rural areas. Young college graduates would be overwhelmed by the rising real estate prices in major metropolitan cities. The commercial real estate is in some fear of a bubble taking place. Yes, so you have all sort of worries and concerns. I think keeping the society together is a huge challenge and task. Believe it or not, as a media professional, I think sometimes the speed is a little bit too fast. For example, the usage of the land. Probably we are overusing it. We have used the land reserve that should be used for the next generation. But we had developed so many things on a piece of ground. The architecture for example. There are some very bad pieces that will be taken apart sooner or later. What a waste of environment resources and money into it. So I think the society is opening up and keeps opening up.

主持人：那么你擔(dān)心什么呢？
Host: So what do you worry about your country?

楊瀾：我擔(dān)心該如何保持這樣的發(fā)展速度？一方面要保持建設(shè)速度；一方面要保證年輕一代不會(huì)失去機(jī)會(huì)。最近我訪談了“蟻?zhàn)濉比耸?，那是用來描述新畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生的，以三千多元的月收入，就是工作 10 年甚至 20 年，他們也買不起房子。所以他們正失去希望，所以這個(gè)社會(huì)怎樣才能始終給年輕一代創(chuàng)造成功的機(jī)會(huì)？難道只能保持原先的增長速度？房價(jià)必須穩(wěn)定在大部分人可以承受的范圍之內(nèi)。
Yang Lan: Well, I worry about how do you keep pace with this development? With this construction. Without the younger generation losing opportunities. Nowadays, I did interviews with so called "tribe of ants", describing the new college graduates with an income of $500 a month, they cannot afford an apartment or a home within 10 years of or 20 years of employment. So they are losing their hope. So how can the society provide the young people with opportunity to succeed? Only if they maintain the growth rate they had? You have to maintain a reasonable real estate price for the majority of the population.

主持人：如何才能做到呢？
Host: And how do they do that?

楊瀾：我也確實(shí)沒有答案。
Yang Lan: I really don't have a solution for that.

主持人：不過我想這是件我擔(dān)心的事情。過去很長一段時(shí)間，年輕的中國學(xué)生去了美國或者英國的大學(xué)，他們中的很多留下來了，一些回到了中國。所以現(xiàn)在中國有不少 40 多歲， 50 多歲在國外受過教育的人被邀請(qǐng)回國，回國參與國家發(fā)展。吸引力來自于國家榮譽(yù)感。你在那些離開中國去了美國，英國或者其他地方比如俄國并決定回國參與中國正在發(fā)生的劇變的人們身上看到這點(diǎn)么？
Host: But I think that's a concern for me. For a long time, young Chinese had gone to American university, to British universities, many of them stayed or some of them come back. So you have people now in their 40s and 50s with graduate education outside of China. And they are being asked to come back. To come back and take part. The appeal is out of national pride. Do you see much of that in people who left China for United States, or England, or other places like Russia, who have decided to come back to participate in this extraordinary transformation that's taking place.

楊瀾：我認(rèn)為愛國是一回事，另一方面是實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的機(jī)會(huì)，而且我認(rèn)為這是更具決定性的因素。
Yang Lan: I think national pride is one thing. Opportunity and a chance to realize your dream is another. I think it's a more decisive element.

主持人：機(jī)會(huì)比愛國更重要。
Host: Opportunity is a more decisive element than pride.

楊瀾：是的，即便對(duì)于普通人也是如此。在美國，建筑師可以夢想在曼哈頓設(shè)計(jì)建造一座大樓，但是他會(huì)有多少這樣的機(jī)會(huì)呢？在中國，有幾十上百個(gè)城市需要設(shè)計(jì)它們的地標(biāo)。
Yang Lan: I think so, even for ordinary people. For example, an architect here can aspire to build one major building in Manhattan. But how many opportunities can be offered to him? In China, you have dozens or hundreds of cities designing their landmarks.

主持人：大部分我認(rèn)識(shí)的著名建筑師都在中國工作了。
Host: Most great architects I know are working in China.

楊瀾：那是一塊巨大的實(shí)驗(yàn)田，可以嘗試各種風(fēng)格和創(chuàng)造，年輕人當(dāng)然愿意回去尋求各自立業(yè)成名的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)年輕的商業(yè)人士在美國時(shí)，他們目睹了各種各樣在中國還沒有的服務(wù)。他們可以回國，創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)新的培訓(xùn)中心，一所學(xué)校，一家幼兒園。他們可以創(chuàng)辦任何事業(yè)。用他們?cè)跉W美，或者世界其它地方學(xué)到的作為參考，在國內(nèi)，他們可以白手起家，花幾年的時(shí)間獲得成功。我想這方面的誘惑比國家榮譽(yù)感更強(qiáng)。不過當(dāng)然，愛國也是很重要的一個(gè)元素。
Yang Lan: It's a huge test land of all sorts of styles and creativity. Of course, young people like to go back, and to seek their success or have their name made. Also young business people, when they stayed here in the US, they see all sorts of services, which is still unavailable in China. They can go back home and start a training center, a school, a kindergarten. They can start anything, using the references that they learned here or in Europe, or anywhere else in the world. When back home, they can start something from scratch, and get successful in a few years' time I think that temptation is even greater than national pride. But of course, national pride is one element.