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Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.

Passage 1
Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso. In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's The Bull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.
蘋果公司很可能是地球上唯一一個敢與將自己與畢加索相提并論的科技公司。 在公司內(nèi)部大學(xué)的課程中，講師認(rèn)為畢加索創(chuàng)作《公牛》過程中連畫十一幅畫稿的方法與蘋果設(shè)計智能手機(jī)和其他設(shè)備的方法相類似，他認(rèn)為：蘋果的設(shè)計師力求簡潔的態(tài)度，與畢加索為創(chuàng)作驚世之作而刪去細(xì)枝末節(jié)的做法并無二致。
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評講：這一段難度不大，但需要一點兒背景知識，畢加索創(chuàng)作公牛時連畫十一稿，細(xì)節(jié)越畫越少，在翻譯時如果不了解這一點，容易出現(xiàn)偏差。此外這個句子中存在兩個比較級，要注意不要翻譯得過分羅嗦。
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Steven P. Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.
史蒂芬·P·喬布斯創(chuàng)建蘋果大學(xué)是為了向員工灌輸蘋果的企業(yè)文化，讓員工了解企業(yè)的歷史， 特別是在公司不斷成長、科技行業(yè)不斷變化的過程中尤其重要。所有的課程都不是必修課，僅是推薦大家學(xué)習(xí)，但招收新員工上課從來不成問題。

Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of "Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products. In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.
蘭迪·尼爾森來自動畫電影皮克斯公司，而這家公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人也是喬布斯?，F(xiàn)在他是“在蘋果學(xué)溝通”課程的講師之一。這門課程面向所有級別員工開放，主要講授如何清晰地進(jìn)行溝通，而這不僅僅是為了讓蘋果的產(chǎn)品更直觀，也為了讓員工和他們的同事交流想法以及銷售蘋果產(chǎn)品。 在去年上課的時候，尼爾森在電腦上放映了一個有關(guān)《公牛》這部作品的幻燈片，其中包括畢加索從1945 年末 開始，用了一個多月的時間畫的 11 稿公牛。在開始，公牛有口鼻部、肩脛部和牛蹄，但隨著反復(fù)繪制，這些細(xì)節(jié)消失了。最終的一張圖就是一個由曲線優(yōu)美的線條畫，不過還是一眼就能認(rèn)出那是頭牛。

Intuitive:直觀，憑感覺就可以知道。
a version of the class：就是上一遍課。
Iterations：重復(fù)，反復(fù)做某事。

"You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course. 　In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Mr. Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr. Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.“
要不斷修改，直到能以非常簡潔的方式傳達(dá)意圖，對于蘋果品牌和我們所做的每件事來說都是如此?！?/u>一位上過這門課程的學(xué)生回憶道。 “什么造就了蘋果？是蘋果自己”是尼爾森偶爾會講授的另一門課程，一名去年上過這門課的員工說道，尼爾森在課上展示了一張谷歌電視遙控器的幻燈片，上面有78個按鍵。那個員工說，尼爾森接著展示了一張?zhí)O果電視遙控器的照片，一塊薄薄的金屬片，上面僅有三個按鍵。
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劃線句當(dāng)中有三個第二人稱，在翻譯時都可以簡化。

How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea. Mr. Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed — a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr. Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.
蘋果設(shè)計師如何決定只設(shè)計三個按鍵呢？尼爾森解釋道，設(shè)計師們從一個想法出發(fā)，然后反復(fù)討論，直到他們獲得自己所需要的東西——一個播放/暫停鍵，一個頻道選擇鍵，還有一個去往主菜單的鍵。 尼爾森先生說，谷歌電視遙控器是個反面教材，按鍵太多的原因是每個參與設(shè)計的工程師和設(shè)計師都獲得了各自需要的東西。
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英譯漢第二篇
Passage 2
Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as "the wand of narcissism," tourists can now reach for flattering selfies wherever they go.Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their slicks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, backpacks and tripods), yet another example of how controlling crowding has become part of the museum mission.
時下，游客們配備了被稱為自拍桿的相機(jī)延長器，這種自拍桿有時也被稱為“自戀魔杖”，走到哪里都能拍出漂亮的自拍照，藝術(shù)博物館都在緊張地關(guān)注這一趨勢的發(fā)展，擔(dān)心使用者在揮舞著自拍桿忘情自拍時，會對藏品和其他游客造成傷害。現(xiàn)在博物館已經(jīng)開始行動起來。美國各地的博物館相繼出臺禁令，在館內(nèi)禁止使用自拍桿拍照（自拍桿繼雨傘、背包、三腳架之后也被列為禁用物品），而這也再次證明，管控客流擁擠已成為博物館工作的一部分。

The Mirshhom Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it will forbid selfie slicks, too. New signs will be posted soon."from now on ,you will be asked quietly to put it away," said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "It's one thing to take a picture at arm's length, but when it is three times arm's length, you are invading someone else's personal space."
本月，華盛頓的赫什霍恩博物館和雕塑公園禁止了自拍桿，休斯頓的美術(shù)博物館也計劃發(fā)布禁令。 紐約大都會藝術(shù)博物館此前一段一直在就這一問題進(jìn)行研究，也剛剛決定 ，館內(nèi)禁止使用自拍桿。新的標(biāo)識將會盡快張貼出來?！皬默F(xiàn)在起，館方會悄悄地提示游客將把自拍桿收起來，”大都會藝術(shù)博物館的首席數(shù)據(jù)官斯里·斯里尼瓦桑說，“在一臂距離內(nèi)拍照是一回事，但如果距離是臂長的三倍，就是在侵犯別人的個人空間?！?/div>

The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. "We do not want to have to put all the art under glass," said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks, but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors.Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. "If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture," Mr. Sreenivasan said. "We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on."At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay. "It's just another product," she said. "When you have a regular camera, it's the same thing. I don't see the problem if you’re careful.” But Hai Lin student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have a point. "You can hit people when they're passing by," she said.
侵犯其它參觀者的個人空間只是問題之一。另一個問題事關(guān)館藏藝術(shù)品?！拔覀儾幌氚巡仄贩诺讲ＡЧ窭?，”華盛頓的國家藝術(shù)館的公共信息主管德博拉·齊什卡說。 該館已不聲不響地執(zhí)行了自拍桿的禁令，目前正在把這一禁令正式印刷到游客指南上。最后， 還有一點很重要，自拍桿對使用相機(jī)的人也是個危險，他們會一心想著如何拍出完美自拍，忽視了周圍環(huán)境?！霸诘よI神廟，人們?nèi)绻涣羯窬蜁羧胗绪{魚雕塑的水中，”斯里尼瓦桑先生說， “這里的陽臺和臺階很多，游客可能會從陽臺上掉下來，或者絆倒在臺階上?！北局芩?，來自智利賈絲明·阿道思到大都會藝術(shù)博物館來參觀，她平常用自拍桿，對于這一禁令表達(dá)了失望。她說：“這不過是一件工具，和一般的相機(jī)是一回事。只要自拍者小心點， 我看不出有什么問題?！辈贿^來自中國山東的學(xué)生林海認(rèn)為，博物館的做法也許有道理。“有人 經(jīng)過時，你可能會碰到別人，”她說。
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If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,
"We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on."
這兩句話不宜按照原文的結(jié)構(gòu)來譯，而應(yīng)該按照中國的習(xí)慣說。
At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay.這里的user不宜譯為使用者，變成動詞句比較通順。
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漢譯英
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following two passages into English.

Passage 1
2000年，中國建成北斗導(dǎo)航試驗系統(tǒng)，這使中國成為繼美、俄之后世界上第三個擁有自主衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的國家。
In 2000, China produced the Beidou Navigation Testing System, which made China the third country possessing the autonomous navigation system after the United States and Russia.

雖然目前它的定位精度與GPS還有一定的差距，但它具備了GPS所沒有的短報通信和位置報告的功能。在沒有手機(jī)信號的地方，用戶也可以通過該系統(tǒng)發(fā)送短信。
Although the system is inferior to GPS in terms of its positioning precision, it has functions GPS does not possess, including text message communication and reporting of position. Every at places without access to cellphone signals, cellphone users can still send text message via this system.

2008年四川汶川大地震后，災(zāi)區(qū)電話無法接通，手機(jī)信號中斷。救援人員將北斗導(dǎo)航終端帶入災(zāi)區(qū)，及時保持了與外界的通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)。
In the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, the telephone communication in the area was cut off due to failure of the cellphone signals. Bringing Beidou Navigation system terminals into the earthquake stricken area, the rescue teams managed to maintain the area’s contact with the outside world.

該系統(tǒng)的位置報吿功能可以幫助交通管理部門掌握行駛車輛的位置，及時疏導(dǎo)交通，緩解交通擁堵狀況。雖然北斗衛(wèi)組導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)時中國獨立發(fā)展、自主運行的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，但這并不影響它與世界上其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)之間的兼容性。用戶在同時使用北斗和GPS這兩種導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)時，定位和導(dǎo)航效果會更好。
The system’s position reporting function informs the communication departments of the positions of the vehicles on the roads so that they can relieve the congestion by diverting the traffic. The system, while developed and operated independently by China, is compatible with other global satellite navigation systems. The users will have a better effect of positioning and navigation using both BD and GPS at the same time.

幫助掌握這類的表達(dá)不能譯字面，要注意靈活處理。
及時疏導(dǎo)交通，緩解交通擁堵狀況。這里的表達(dá)要注意層次交待清楚。
但這并不影響它與世界上其他衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)之間的兼容性。這句話可以采用反說正譯，比較簡明。對于“性”“感”“化”這類詞匯，不要盲目地表達(dá)為抽象名詞

Passage 2
中國和歐洲是兩大戰(zhàn)略力量，肩負(fù)推動全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)人類文明進(jìn)步、維護(hù)世界和平的崇高使命，雙方正在形成不斷放大的戰(zhàn)略交集。中國是最大的新興市場國家，歐盟是最大的發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，“最大”與“最大”交融、 一切都有可能，“新興”與“發(fā)達(dá)”攜手、優(yōu)勢就會倍增，中歐在新興和發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體合作中可以成為典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two “l(fā)argests” converge. And strength will be multiplied if the “emerging” meets the “developed”. China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.
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這種對于抽象概念的表達(dá)一定要小心，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上解釋清楚。
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中國和歐洲分處歐亞大陸的兩端，這塊大陸是世界上面積最大的大陸，也是人口最多的大陸，市場空間廣闊，發(fā)展機(jī)遇巨大。中歐都主張國際關(guān)系民主化，在許多國際重大事務(wù)上有共同利益。雙方關(guān)系具有越來越重要的全球影響。中歐都有偉大的文明，中國推崇“和而不同”，歐盟倡導(dǎo)“多元一體”，13億多中國人與7億多歐洲人命運相連、前途相關(guān)，中歐在不同文明包容互鑒中可以成為引領(lǐng)。
China and Europe are located at the two ends of the Eurasian continent, the biggest landmass on earth and the most populous continent in the world with huge market and great development opportunities. Both sides call for greater democracy in international relations and we share common interests on many major international issues. Both China and Europe enjoy splendid culture. While China advocates “harmony without uniformity”, the EU stands for “unity in diversity”. The 1.3 billion Chinese people and the 700 million European people have a common destiny and a common future. China and Europe may well take the lead in promoting mutual learning and inclusiveness between different civilizations.
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一句話當(dāng)中有四個“大陸”，在處理的過程中要有合理的合并和省略。
和而不同和多元一體都有專門的譯法，需要平時的積累。
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作者：天津翻譯學(xué)院英翻研發(fā)中心?謝天海
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