【前言】2012年11月,英孚教育發(fā)表了2012年度《英孚英語熟練度指標報告》,在全球范圍內對英語學習者的測試成績進行了評估。全球化環(huán)境對人們的英語熟練度提出了更高的要求,而屬于低熟練度水平的中國學習者,又應該如何有效的學習英語?來聽聽Caroline Engstler 博士給大家的建議:
【本期人物】
Caroline Engstler 博士
Caroline Engstler 博士為英孚教育資深語言教學研究員,常駐瑞士蘇黎士她專注于雙語、第二語言認知習得以及海外學習等領域。作為語言學家,她深刻理解英語作為一門世界語言的重要性。
2012年11月,國際教育機構英孚教育發(fā)表了本年度的《英孚英語熟練度指標報告》(EF English Proficiency Index, 簡稱 EF EPI),這是英孚教育自2011年發(fā)布首個EPI報告后的第二版。該報告歷時三年,對全球170萬18歲以上成人英語學習者的英語測試成績進行了評估。
2012年的英孚英語熟練度報告顯示,在全球54個非英語母語國家和地區(qū)中,瑞典以68.91分高居第一,丹麥及荷蘭緊跟其后。中國大陸地區(qū)排名全球36位,屬于低熟練度水平。從全球范圍來看,歐洲國家依然總體英語水平最高,11個英語熟練度指標最高的國家全部為歐洲國家。而專注于模范式教育的亞洲,卻并沒有培養(yǎng)出令人滿意的英語熟練度。在亞洲12個國家和地區(qū)中,新加坡和馬來西亞的英語熟練度最高。
進行全球英語熟練度研究的Caroline Engstler 博士在發(fā)布會上表示,這項報告的指導意義在于全球經濟環(huán)境對英語熟練度提出了更高的要求,英語作為世界語言的重要性在職場上尤為突顯。在中國,無論是公立教育系統(tǒng)或私人培訓機構都對英語教育給予了足夠重視,中國英語學習者的人數(shù)遠遠超出了世界上其他國家,但英孚英語熟練度報告顯示,中國想要取得理想的英語熟練度,還有很長的路要走。
發(fā)布會結束后,滬江網的記者在現(xiàn)場采訪了Engstler 博士,與她交流了關于2012年英孚英語熟練度報告的更多細節(jié)內容。中國英語教育將何去何從?職場人應該如何學提高英語能力?英語學習者又該如何利用網絡學習資源?我們來聽聽Engstler 博士對這些問題的回答:
1. Which are the calculation standards of EF EPI?
英孚英語熟練度指標是如何進行測試的?
Dr. Engstler: EF EPI was originally based on the result of four different English tests, all of them including four sections: reading, listening, vocabulary and grammar. These four tests were used in the first EPI, but we dropped the fourth one because it’s not so
cohesive with the others. The listening section in the fourth test was not obligatory; so many test takers did not do the listening section, which would change the result in some way.
英孚英語熟練度報告起初是基于四項免費的英語測試,內容包括閱讀、聽力、詞匯和語法四個部分。我們在第一版的報告中用到了這四項測試,但在今年的報告有一個測試沒有包含在內。因為該項測試有一個聽力選測部分,所以很多受試者可能不會完成這一部分,這會對研究結果產生一些影響。
2. What make 2012 EF EPI different from the result of last year?
我們注意到今年的報告較去年存在一些排名差異,造成這些差異的主要原因是什么?
Dr. Engstler: Since the test without listening was dropped, the result for some countries changed. It was the case that some countries which are really good at listening improved slightly, on the other hand, countries that are not good at listening dropped a little bit. But that’s not the case for China. China improved slightly in the ranking. And since we added another ten countries from the last time into this year’s research, the ranking changed more because of that.
由于今年我們去掉了第四個測試(該測試對聽力要求較低),所以今年的研究結果必然會發(fā)生一些變化。有一些聽力技能比較強的國家排名有上升趨勢,而聽力技能弱一些的國家則排名稍微下降。不過中國的情況并非如此,中國今年的排名其實有所上升。另外,今年我們擴大了測試國家的范圍,在今年的排名中增加了10個國家,所以排名結果其實更多是受到這個因素的影響。
3. What do you consider as the most outstanding characteristics of English education in China?
您認為中國英語教育最突出的特點是什么?
Dr. Engstler: With China, we still have the big focus on teaching English, not so much for communicative goals but for testing. So if someone gets a high score in official English tests, such as TOEFL or CET, it does not necessarily reflect their actual communicative skills. We noticed that a lot with Chinese students going to study in English-spoken counties, they got really high testing scores, but it was difficult for them to talk to people. So I believe they should be more focused on actual communicative skills, because that is very useful for day-to-day life.
我們認為中國英語教育的重點還在于應試而非溝通技能上。中國的學生可能在正式的英語考試,如托福和大學四級等考試中能拿到很高的分數(shù),但這并不能反映他們真正的溝通能力。我們還注意到,很多的中國學生去英語國家留學時,他們一般也都會拿到很高的考試分數(shù),卻可能不太會與人溝通。我認為他們應該更多地把學習重點放在日常生活必備的溝通技能上。
4. Do you have any suggestion for public education system and private training sectors in China?
根據(jù)英孚英語熟練度報告的結果,您對中國的公立學校系統(tǒng)和私人培訓機構的英語教育有什么建議嗎?
Dr. Engstler: I think one very important thing is to start early. So if children have good English courses, we will see some original differences. Public education system should make early English courses available everywhere in China, not only in some major cities or developed regions. We need to make sure the quality is high that teachers have really high proficiency and they are able to teach English appropriately, and of course the courses should focus on communicative skills. That’s probably the most important thing. I would probably suggest the same thing for private training sectors. Focusing on communicative skills is probably much easier in private sectors.
我認為很重要的一點是要讓孩子們早接觸英語,如果他們從小就能接受很好的英語教育,那么中國學生的英語水平會有很大的不同。公立教育系統(tǒng)應該確保在全國各地都能開展早期的英語課程,不僅僅在大城市或發(fā)達地區(qū)。在師資方面,學校需要保證教學質量,確保這些啟蒙級的老師都有較高的英語熟練度,只有這樣他們才能進行高質量的教學。最重要的一點,英語課程要加大對溝通技能的重視。私人培訓機構也是如此,對于私人培訓機構來說,重視溝通技能方面的教學操作起來可能要更容易。
5. Since English has become a basic skill for working people, which level of proficiency should they achieve?
現(xiàn)在英語已經成為職場人的一項基本技能,您認為他們的英語水平需要達到什么樣的程度呢?
Dr. Engstler: The globalization environment has made it important for the entire workforce to study and speak English. It’s definitely not necessary to be perfect, but I think everybody needs a basic or communicative skill. You need to understand what the other person is saying to you, and you need to reply appropriately. And in some international business the requirement might includes some cultural knowledge, so you can avoid some misunderstandings.
全球化環(huán)境使得英語成為職場人非常重要的一項能力要求。職場人士的英語可以不用非常完美,但他們需要具備基本的溝通技能。在以英語為工作語言的工作環(huán)境中,聽懂對方的意思并能適當應答,這是最基礎的工作要求。另外如果在一些大型的跨國公司工作,可能還需要了解一些英語文化知識,這樣在溝通交流中才能避免誤會。
6. Many people complain that they have no time for learning English, what would you suggest them?
很多人都因為忙于工作而沒有時間學英語,你會建議他們如何學英語呢?
Dr. Engstler: For some people who are busy with work, there are a lot opportunities for online training, so you don’t have to go to courses at certain time. If you are motivated, there are many ways how you can corporate English into your daily life. If you commute to work on a train or bus, you can listen to English texts or take English reading materials with you, so you are feeling like you are not wasting time. But I think there’s something very important for every person: make it something that you are actually interested in and have fun to improve English.
我認為在線培訓學習對他們來說會是比較好的機會,因為你不用在固定的時間去上課,時間安排上比較靈活。其實如果你真的想學好英語,你可以想到很多方法,將英語融入到你的日常生活去。在上班的路上,你可以練習英語聽力或讀英語文章,這樣你就不會浪費掉上下班的通勤時間。不過我覺得有一點非常重要:那就是你得對學英語真的非常感興趣,從提高英語的過程中能感受到樂趣,這樣才能真正學好英語。
7. You just mentioned the online training, which is the exact thing what out website is promoting. Do you have any English learning methods recommended for these online learners?
您剛剛提到了在線學習,我們滬江網正是為廣大英語學習者提供在線學習平臺的這么一個網站。對于這些在線學習者,您有沒有什么比較好的英語學習方法推薦?
Dr. Engstler: Since I think in China communicative skills is the most difficult part, I would suggest listening, listening, listening… Find some texts online, it could be pod cast in English, audile books, or some specific materials for learning English. Maybe it’s not so important for you to understand everything you are hearing, but you should just get used to the sound in your ear, then you will get used to what English sounds are like. If you can get English materials that also come with transcripts, that would be much greater. You can listen first, then after you get used to the sound, you can read along, which will help you understand the material.
我在前面也提到,對于中國的英語教育來說,溝通技能可能是比較困難的部分,所以我的建議就是:一定要多聽。網絡上可以找到很多的聽力素材,英語播客、有聲書或是專門的英語學習材料。有時候你可能聽不懂講的是什么,沒有關系,你首先要做的是熟悉耳朵里聽到的聲音,只有這樣你才會熟悉英語語感。還可以找一些帶文本的英語聽力素材,先聽,等習慣英語聲音后再跟讀,這樣可以幫你更好地理解材料內容。