萬物簡史:PART III CH 9威力巨大的原子（4）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2012-01-21 07:00
原子微小，數(shù)量巨大，幾乎不會被毀滅。而發(fā)現(xiàn)這一切的并不是當時大名鼎鼎的洛朗?拉瓦錫，亨利?卡文迪許或漢弗萊?戴維，而是一名業(yè)余的、沒有受過多少教育的英國貴格會教徒——約翰?道爾頓。道爾頓從小聰慧，12歲會讀用拉丁文寫的《原理》。在曼徹斯特的日子里，從氣象學到語法他都研究。道爾頓是色盲，但是它卻以自己的缺陷為契機研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一疾病，紅綠色盲癥的英文單詞就是以他的姓作為詞根衍生的~~~~
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Hints:
durability
precocity
Principia
Daltonism
[---1---] The realization that atoms are these three things—small, numerous, practically indestructible—and that all things are made from them first occurred not to Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, as you might expect, or even to Henry Cavendish or Humphry Davy, but rather to a spare and [-2-] English Quaker named John Dalton, whom we first [-3-] in the chapter on chemistry.
Dalton was born in 1766 on the edge of the Lake District near Cockermouth to a family of poor but [-4-] Quaker weavers. (Four years later the poet William Wordsworth would also join the world at Cockermouth.) He was an [-5-] bright student—so very bright indeed that at the improbably youthful age of 12 he was put in charge of the local Quaker school. [---6---] At 15, still schoolmastering, he took a job in the nearby town of Kendal, and a decade after that he moved to Manchester, scarcely stirring from there for the remaining 50 years of his life. In Manchester he became something of an [-7-] whirlwind, producing books and papers on subjects ranging from meteorology to grammar. [---8---] But it was a plump book called A New System of Chemical Philosophy, published in 1808, [-9-].
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓練聽譯打下基礎哦~~~
Hints:
durability
precocity
Principia
Daltonism
[---1---] The realization that atoms are these three things—small, numerous, practically indestructible—and that all things are made from them first occurred not to Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, as you might expect, or even to Henry Cavendish or Humphry Davy, but rather to a spare and [-2-] English Quaker named John Dalton, whom we first [-3-] in the chapter on chemistry.
Dalton was born in 1766 on the edge of the Lake District near Cockermouth to a family of poor but [-4-] Quaker weavers. (Four years later the poet William Wordsworth would also join the world at Cockermouth.) He was an [-5-] bright student—so very bright indeed that at the improbably youthful age of 12 he was put in charge of the local Quaker school. [---6---] At 15, still schoolmastering, he took a job in the nearby town of Kendal, and a decade after that he moved to Manchester, scarcely stirring from there for the remaining 50 years of his life. In Manchester he became something of an [-7-] whirlwind, producing books and papers on subjects ranging from meteorology to grammar. [---8---] But it was a plump book called A New System of Chemical Philosophy, published in 1808, [-9-].
It is of course the abundance and extreme durability of atoms that makes them so useful, and the tininess that makes them so hard to detect and understand.
lightly educated
encountered
devout
exceptionally
This perhaps says as much about the school as about Dalton's precocity, but perhaps not, we know from his diaries that at about this time he was reading Newton's Principia in the original Latin and other works of a similarly challenging nature.
intellectual
Color blindness, a condition from which he suffered, was for a long time called Daltonism because of his studies.
that established his reputation
當然，原子之所以如此有用，是因為它們數(shù)量眾多，壽命極長，而之所以難以被察覺和認識，是因為它們太小。首先發(fā)現(xiàn)原子有三個特點--即小、多、實際上不可毀滅--以及一切事物都是由原子組成的，不是你也許會以為的安托萬－洛朗?拉瓦錫，甚至不是亨利?卡文迪許或漢弗萊?戴維，而是一名業(yè)余的、沒有受過多少教育的英國貴格會教徒，名叫約翰?道爾頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的，我們在第七章里第一次提到過他的名字。
道爾頓的故鄉(xiāng)位于英國湖泊地區(qū)邊緣，離科克默思不遠。他1766年生于一個貧苦而虔誠的貴格會織布工家庭。（4年以后，詩人威廉?華茲華斯也來到科克默思。）他是個聰明過人的學生--他確實聰明，12歲的小小年紀就當上了當?shù)刭F格會學校的校長。這也許說明了道爾頓的早熟，也說明了那所學校的狀況，也許什么也說明不了。我們從他的日記里知道，大約這時候他正在閱讀牛頓的《原理》--還是拉丁文原文的--和別的具有類似挑戰(zhàn)性的著作。到了15歲，他一方面繼續(xù)當校長，一方面在附近的肯達爾鎮(zhèn)找了個工作；10年以后，他遷往曼徹斯特，在他生命的最后50年里幾乎沒有挪動過。在曼徹斯特，他成了一股智力旋風，出書呀，寫論文呀，內(nèi)容涉及從氣象學到語法。他患有色盲，在很長時間里色盲被稱做道爾頓癥，因為他從事這方面的研究。但是，是1808年出版的一本名叫《化學哲學的新體系》的厚書，終于使他出了名。
