盡管哈勃和愛(ài)因斯坦已經(jīng)揭示了許多宇宙的奧妙，但是人們對(duì)于組成宇宙的基本物質(zhì)原子仍不了解。有科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)用這么一句話總結(jié)科學(xué)史“萬(wàn)物皆由原子構(gòu)成”。原子的結(jié)構(gòu)甚微，分子又由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上原子構(gòu)成?？Х确教谴笮〉囊粓F(tuán)空氣里就有4500億億個(gè)?？梢韵胂蠛棋挠钪嬷杏卸嗌贁?shù)不盡的原子~~~
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9 THE MIGHTY ATOM
WHILE EINSTEIN AND Hubble were productively [-1-] the large-scale structure of the cosmos, [---2---] : the tiny and ever-mysterious atom.
The great Caltech physicist Richard Feynman once observed that if you had to reduce scientific history to one important statement it would be "All things are made of atoms." They are everywhere and they [-3-] everything. Look around you. It is all atoms. [---4---] And they are there in numbers that you really cannot conceive.
The basic working arrangement of atoms is the molecule (from the Latin for "little mass"). [---5---]: add two atoms of hydrogen to one of oxygen and you have a molecule of water. [---6---] At sea level, at a temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit, [-7-] (that is, a space about the size of a sugar cube) will contain 45 billion billion molecules. And they are in every single cubic centimeter you see around you. Think how many cubic centimeters there are in the world outside your window—how many sugar cubes it would take to fill that view. Then think how many it would take to build a universe. Atoms, in short, are very [-8-].
unraveling others were struggling to understand something closer to hand but in its way just as remote constitute Not just the solid things like walls and tables and so forth, but the air in between. A molecule is simply two or more atoms working together in a more or less stable arrangement Chemists tend to think in terms of molecules rather than elements in much the way that writers tend to think in terms of words and not letters, so it is molecules they count, and these are numerous to say the least. one cubic centimeter of air abundant
第九章　威力巨大的原子 當(dāng)愛(ài)因斯坦和哈勃在弄清宇宙的大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)方面成果累累的時(shí)候，另一些人在努力搞懂近在手邊的而從他們的角度來(lái)看又是非常遙遠(yuǎn)的東西：微小而又永遠(yuǎn)神秘的原子。 加州理工學(xué)院偉大的物理學(xué)家理查德?費(fèi)曼有一次發(fā)現(xiàn)，要是你不得不把科學(xué)史壓縮成一句重要的話，它就會(huì)是："一切東西都是由原子構(gòu)成的。"哪里都有原子，原子構(gòu)成一切。你四下里望一眼，全是原子。不但墻壁、桌子等等這樣的固體是原子，中間的空氣也是原子。原子大量存在，多得簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法想像。 　　原子的基本工作形式是分子（源自拉丁文，意思是"小團(tuán)物質(zhì)"）。一個(gè)分子就是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上以相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的形式一起工作的原子：一個(gè)氧原子加上兩個(gè)氫原子，你就得到一個(gè)水分子?；瘜W(xué)家往往以分子而不是以元素來(lái)考慮問(wèn)題，就像作家往往以單詞而不是以字母來(lái)考慮問(wèn)題一樣，因此他們計(jì)算的是分子。分子的數(shù)量起碼可以說(shuō)是很多的。在海平面的高度、零攝氏度溫度的情況下，一立方厘米空氣（大約相當(dāng)于一塊方糖所占的空間）所含的分子多達(dá)4500億億個(gè)。而你周圍的每一立方厘米空間都有這么多分子。想一想，你窗外的世界有多少個(gè)立方厘米--要用多少塊方糖才能填滿你的視野。然后再想一想，要多少個(gè)這樣的空間才能構(gòu)成宇宙?？偠灾邮呛芏嗟?。