萬物簡史:PART II CH 5敲石頭的人們（12）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-10-11 07:00
在赫頓時代和萊爾時代之間，地質(zhì)學界發(fā)生了一場新的爭論——災(zāi)變論和均變論之爭。萊爾認為，地球的變遷是一貫的，緩慢的。他和他的信徒們不但瞧不起災(zāi)變論，而且對它深惡痛絕~~~
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學著模仿哦~~~！！
因為原著為美國人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓練聽寫。這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
TIPS聽寫訓練點：單詞拼寫，時態(tài)，單復數(shù)，連讀，長難句（請邊聽邊用符號先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語句，最后校對，不要逐字逐句聽寫）
Hints:
Uniformitarian
Catastrophist
Between Hutton's day and Lyell's there arose a new geological [-1-], which largely superseded, [-2-], the old Neptunian–Plutonian dispute. The new battle became an argument between catastrophism and uniformitarianism—unattractive terms for an important and very [-3-] dispute. Catastrophists, as you might expect from the name, believed that the Earth was shaped by abrupt cataclysmic events—floods principally, which is why catastrophism and neptunism are often wrongly bundled together. Catastrophism was particularly comforting to clerics like Buckland because it allowed them to [-4-] the biblical flood of Noah into serious scientific discussions. [---5---] Hutton was much more the father of the notion than Lyell, but it was Lyell most people read, and so he became in most people's minds, then and now, the father of modern geological thought.
Lyell believed that the Earth's shifts were uniform and steady—[---6---]. Lyell and his adherents didn't just disdain catastrophism, they detested it. [---7---]—a belief that the naturalist T. H. Huxley mockingly likened to "a succession of rubbers of whist, at the end of which the players upset the table and called for a new pack." It was too convenient a way to explain the unknown. "Never was there a dogma [-8-] foster indolence, and [-9-] ," sniffed Lyell.
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學著模仿哦~~~！！
因為原著為美國人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓練聽寫。這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
TIPS聽寫訓練點：單詞拼寫，時態(tài)，單復數(shù)，連讀，長難句（請邊聽邊用符號先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語句，最后校對，不要逐字逐句聽寫）
Hints:
Uniformitarian
Catastrophist
Between Hutton's day and Lyell's there arose a new geological [-1-], which largely superseded, [-2-], the old Neptunian–Plutonian dispute. The new battle became an argument between catastrophism and uniformitarianism—unattractive terms for an important and very [-3-] dispute. Catastrophists, as you might expect from the name, believed that the Earth was shaped by abrupt cataclysmic events—floods principally, which is why catastrophism and neptunism are often wrongly bundled together. Catastrophism was particularly comforting to clerics like Buckland because it allowed them to [-4-] the biblical flood of Noah into serious scientific discussions. [---5---] Hutton was much more the father of the notion than Lyell, but it was Lyell most people read, and so he became in most people's minds, then and now, the father of modern geological thought.
Lyell believed that the Earth's shifts were uniform and steady—[---6---]. Lyell and his adherents didn't just disdain catastrophism, they detested it. [---7---]—a belief that the naturalist T. H. Huxley mockingly likened to "a succession of rubbers of whist, at the end of which the players upset the table and called for a new pack." It was too convenient a way to explain the unknown. "Never was there a dogma [-8-] foster indolence, and [-9-] ," sniffed Lyell.
controversy
but is often confused with
long-running
incorporate
Uniformitarians by contrast believed that changes on Earth were gradual and that nearly all Earth processes happened slowly, over immense spans of time.
that everything that had ever happened in the past could be explained by events still going on today
Catastrophists believed that extinctions were part of a series in which animals were repeatedly wiped out and replaced with new sets
more calculated to
to blunt the keen edge of curiosity
在赫頓時代和萊爾時代之間，地質(zhì)學界發(fā)生了一場新的爭論。它在很大程度上取代了過去的水成論與火成論之爭，而又往往交混在一起。新的戰(zhàn)斗成為災(zāi)變論和均變論之爭。給一場重要而又曠日持久的爭論起這樣的名字，似乎有點兒不夠味兒。災(zāi)變論者--顧名思義--認為，地球是由突發(fā)的災(zāi)難性事件形成的--主要是洪水。這就是人們常常把災(zāi)變論和水成論互相混淆的原因。災(zāi)變論尤其迎合巴克蘭這樣的教士的心理，這樣他們可以把《圣經(jīng)》里諾亞時代的洪水納入嚴肅的科學討論。均變論者恰恰相反，認為地球上的變化是逐漸形成的，幾乎所有的地質(zhì)變化過程都是緩慢的，都要經(jīng)歷漫長的時間。最先提出這種見解的與其說是萊爾，不如說是赫頓，但大多數(shù)人讀的是萊爾的作品，因此在大多數(shù)人的腦海里，無論是當時還是現(xiàn)在，他成了近代地質(zhì)學之父。
萊爾認為，地球的變遷是一貫的，緩慢的--過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的一切都可以用今天仍在發(fā)生的事情來解釋。萊爾和他的信徒們不但瞧不起災(zāi)變論，而且對它深惡痛絕。災(zāi)變論者認為，絕種是一系列過程的組成部分，在此過程中，動物不斷滅亡，被新的動物取而代之--博物學家T.H.赫胥黎把這種看法挖苦地比做是"惠斯特牌戲里的一連串勝局，到了最后，打牌的人推翻桌子，要求換一副新牌"。以這種方法來解釋未知的事物未免過于俗套。"從來沒有見過比這樣的一種教條更蓄意助長懶漢精神，更削弱人們的好奇心的了。"萊爾嗤之以鼻地說。
