萬物簡(jiǎn)史:PART I CH 3_11
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2011-08-20 07:00
這是一部有關(guān)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展史的既通俗易懂又引人入勝的書,作者用清晰明了、幽默風(fēng)趣的筆法,將宇宙大爆炸到人類文明發(fā)展進(jìn)程中所發(fā)生的繁多妙趣橫生的故事一一收入筆下。驚奇和感嘆組成了本書,歷歷在目的天下萬物組成了本書,益于人們了解大千世界的無窮奧妙,掌握萬事萬物的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。
收獲英語 收獲一本好書~!
書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~!!
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹怂鶎?單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意,根據(jù)上下文注意各句標(biāo)號(hào),這樣有助于提高正確率。
Hint
Supernova
"There's something satisfying, I think," Evans said, "about the idea of light traveling for millions of years through space and just at the right moment as it reaches Earth someone looks at the right bit of sky and sees it. It just seems right that an event of that magnitude should be [-1-]."
Supernovae do much more than simply impart [-2-]. They come in several types (one of them discovered by Evans) and of these one in particular, known as a Ia supernova, is important to astronomy because it always explodes in the same way, with the same critical mass. [---3---]
In 1987 Saul Perlmutter at the Lawrence Berkeley lab in California, needing more Ia supernovae than visual sightings were providing, set out to find a more systematic method of searching for them. Perlmutter devised a nifty system using [-4-] computers and charge-coupled devices—[-5-], really good digital cameras. It automated supernova hunting. Telescopes could now take thousands of pictures and let a computer detect the telltale bright spots that marked a supernova explosion. In five years, with the new technique, Perlmutter and his colleagues at Berkeley found 42 supernovae. Now even amateurs are finding supernovae with charge-coupled devices. "With CCDs you can aim a telescope at the sky and go watch television," Evans said with a touch of dismay. "It took all the romance out of it."
[---6---] "Oh, no," he said, "I enjoy my way too much. Besides"—[---7---]—"I can still beat them sometimes."
witnessed
a sense of wonder
For this reason it can be used as a standard candle to measure the expansion rate of the universe.
sophisticated
in essence
I asked him if he was tempted to adopt the new technology.
he gave a nod at the photo of his latest supernova and smiled
"我想,這還是挺令人滿意的啊,"埃文斯說,"想一想,那個(gè)光在太空里走了幾百萬年,抵達(dá)地球的時(shí)候恰好有個(gè)人在不偏不倚地望著那片天空,結(jié)果看到了它。能親眼目睹這樣一個(gè)重大事件,這似乎是挺不錯(cuò)的。"
超新星遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止讓你產(chǎn)生一種驚奇感。它們分為幾種類型(有一種是埃文斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的),其中之一名叫Ia超新星,它對(duì)天文學(xué)來說尤其重要,因?yàn)檫@類超新星總是以同樣的方式爆炸,擁有同樣關(guān)鍵的質(zhì)量。因此,它們可以被用做"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燭光"--用來衡量其他恒星的亮度(因此也是衡量相對(duì)距離)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而衡量宇宙的膨脹率。
1987年,由于需要比目測(cè)所能提供的更多的超新星數(shù)目,加利福尼亞州勞倫斯?伯克利實(shí)驗(yàn)室的索爾?珀?duì)栺R特開始尋找一種更加系統(tǒng)的搜尋方法。珀?duì)栺R特利用先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)和電荷耦合器件設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)絕妙的系統(tǒng)--實(shí)質(zhì)上是一流的數(shù)碼相機(jī)。它使尋找超新星的工作自動(dòng)化了。現(xiàn)在,天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡可以拍下幾千幅照片,然后利用計(jì)算機(jī)來發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠說明發(fā)生了超新星爆炸的亮點(diǎn)。在5年時(shí)間里,珀?duì)栺R特和他的同事們?cè)诓死眠@種新技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了42顆超新星。如今,連業(yè)余愛好者也在用電荷耦合器件發(fā)現(xiàn)超新星。"使用電荷耦合器件,你可以把天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡瞄準(zhǔn)天空,然后走開去看電視,"埃文斯不大高興地說,"那種神奇的味道已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。"
我問埃文斯,他是不是想采取這種新技術(shù)。"哦,不,"他說,"我很喜歡自己的辦法,而且,"他朝新近拍攝的一幅超新星照片點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,微微一笑,"有時(shí)候我仍能超過他們。"