萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史:PART II CH 4事物的測(cè)定（14）
來(lái)源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-09-09 07:00
法國(guó)人布格和孔達(dá)米納不僅沒(méi)有證明牛頓定律判斷是錯(cuò)誤的，還錯(cuò)過(guò)了算出萬(wàn)有引力常數(shù)G的值的機(jī)會(huì)~~~
?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
450)=450">
書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)上下文注意各句標(biāo)號(hào)，這樣有助于提高正確率。
450)=450">
更正聲明：第三段中倒數(shù)第二句中的clockmaker在音頻中為clockmaster，根據(jù)考證其他資源確認(rèn)clockmaker，音頻有誤，但是不影響大家做題，特此聲明~~
Hint:
listlessly
450)=450">
Bouguer and La Condamine thus had spent nearly a decade working toward a result they didn't wish to find only to learn now that they weren't even the first to find it. [---1---] Then, still not speaking, they returned to the coast and [-2-].
Something else conjectured by Newton in the Principia was that a plumb bob hung near a mountain would incline very slightly toward the mountain, affected by the mountain's gravitational mass as well as by the Earth's. This was more than a curious fact. [---3---] — that is, the basic value of gravity, known as G—and along with it the [-4-] of the Earth.
Bouguer and La Condamine had tried this on Peru's Mount Chimborazo, but had been defeated by both the technical difficulties and their own [-5-], and so the notion lay dormant for another 30 years until resurrected in England by Nevil Maskelyne, the astronomer royal. In Dava Sobel's popular book Longitude, Maskelyne is presented as a ninny and villain for failing to appreciate the [-6-] of the clockmaker John Harrison, and this may be so, [-7-], not least for his successful scheme to weigh the Earth. Maskelyne realized that the nub of the problem lay with finding a mountain of sufficiently regular shape to judge its mass.
450)=450">
?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
450)=450">
書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)上下文注意各句標(biāo)號(hào)，這樣有助于提高正確率。
450)=450">
更正聲明：第三段中倒數(shù)第二句中的clockmaker在音頻中為clockmaster，根據(jù)考證其他資源確認(rèn)clockmaker，音頻有誤，但是不影響大家做題，特此聲明~~
Hint:
listlessly
450)=450">
Bouguer and La Condamine thus had spent nearly a decade working toward a result they didn't wish to find only to learn now that they weren't even the first to find it. [---1---] Then, still not speaking, they returned to the coast and [-2-].
Something else conjectured by Newton in the Principia was that a plumb bob hung near a mountain would incline very slightly toward the mountain, affected by the mountain's gravitational mass as well as by the Earth's. This was more than a curious fact. [---3---] — that is, the basic value of gravity, known as G—and along with it the [-4-] of the Earth.
Bouguer and La Condamine had tried this on Peru's Mount Chimborazo, but had been defeated by both the technical difficulties and their own [-5-], and so the notion lay dormant for another 30 years until resurrected in England by Nevil Maskelyne, the astronomer royal. In Dava Sobel's popular book Longitude, Maskelyne is presented as a ninny and villain for failing to appreciate the [-6-] of the clockmaker John Harrison, and this may be so, [-7-], not least for his successful scheme to weigh the Earth. Maskelyne realized that the nub of the problem lay with finding a mountain of sufficiently regular shape to judge its mass.
450)=450">
Listlessly, they completed their survey, which confirmed that the first French team was correct.
took separate ships home
If you measured the deflection accurately and worked out the mass of the mountain, you could calculate the universal gravitational constant
mass
squabbling
brilliance
but we are indebted to him in other ways not mentioned in her book
因此，布格和孔達(dá)米納花了將近10年時(shí)間，得出了一個(gè)他們不希望得出的結(jié)果，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)結(jié)果還不是他們第一個(gè)得出的。他們沒(méi)精打采地結(jié)束了測(cè)量工作，只是證明第一個(gè)法國(guó)小組是正確的。然后，他們依然默不作聲地回到海邊，分別乘船踏上了歸途。
牛頓在《原理》中作的另一個(gè)推測(cè)是：一根掛在大山附近的鉛錘線，會(huì)受到大山和地球引力質(zhì)量的影響，稍稍向著大山傾斜。這個(gè)推測(cè)很有意思。要是你精確測(cè)量那個(gè)偏差，計(jì)算大山的質(zhì)量，你可以算出萬(wàn)有引力的常數(shù)--即引力的基本值，叫做G--同時(shí)還可以算出地球的質(zhì)量。
布格和孔達(dá)米納在秘魯?shù)臍J博拉索山做過(guò)這種試驗(yàn)，但是沒(méi)有成功，一方面是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)難度很大，一方面是因?yàn)樗麄儍?nèi)部吵得不可開交。因此，這件事被暫時(shí)擱置下來(lái)，30年后才在英國(guó)由皇家天文學(xué)家內(nèi)維爾?馬斯基林重新啟動(dòng)。達(dá)娃?索貝爾在她的暢銷書《經(jīng)線》中，把馬斯基林說(shuō)成是個(gè)傻瓜和壞蛋，不會(huì)欣賞鐘匠約翰?哈里森的卓越才華，這話也許沒(méi)錯(cuò)兒。但是，我們要在她書里沒(méi)有提到的其他方面感激馬斯基林，尤其要感激他制定了稱地球質(zhì)量的成功方案。馬斯基林意識(shí)到，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于找到一座形狀規(guī)則的山，能夠估測(cè)它的質(zhì)量。
