林黛玉《葬花吟》英譯版賞鑒
點(diǎn)此欣賞背景音樂(lè)
花謝花飛花滿天，紅消香斷有誰(shuí)憐？游絲軟系飄春榭，落絮輕沾撲繡簾；
The
blossoms fade and falling fill the air, of
fragrance and bright hues bereft and bare.?Floss drifts and flutters round the Maiden`s
bower, or softly strikes against her curtained door.
閨中女兒惜春暮，愁緒滿懷無(wú)釋處；手把花鋤出繡閨，忍踏落花來(lái)復(fù)去？
The Maid ,
grieved by these signs of spring`s
decease, seeking some means her sorrow to express, has
rake in hand into the garden gone, before the fallen flowers are
trampled on.
柳絲榆莢自芳菲，不管桃飄與李飛；桃李明年能再發(fā)，明年閨中知有誰(shuí)？
Elm-pods and willow-floss are fragrant too;?Why care,Maid,where the fallen flowers blew??Next year ,when peach and plum-tree bloom again,which of your sweet companions will remain?
三月香巢已壘成，梁間燕子太無(wú)情！明年花發(fā)雖可啄，卻不道人去梁空巢也傾。
This spring the heartless
swallow built his nest beneath the eaves of mud with flowers
compressed.?Next year the flowers will blossom as before, but swallow ,nest ,and Maid will be no more.
一年三百六十日，風(fēng)刀霜?jiǎng)?yán)相逼；明媚鮮妍能幾時(shí)，一朝飄泊難尋覓。
Three hundred and three-score the year`s full tale:?From
swords of frost and from the slaughtering gale how can the lovely flowers long stay intact, or, once loosed,from their drifting fate draw back?
花開(kāi)易見(jiàn)落難尋，階前悶殺葬花人；獨(dú)倚花鋤淚暗灑，灑上空枝見(jiàn)血痕。
Blooming so
steadfast ,fallen so hard to find!Beside the flowers`grave,with sorrowing mind,?the
solitary Maid sheds many a tear,?which on the boughs as bloody drops appear.
杜鵑無(wú)語(yǔ)正黃昏，荷鋤歸去掩重門(mén)；青燈照壁人初睡，冷雨敲窗被未溫。
At
twilight ,when the
cuckoo sings no more, the Maiden with her rake goes in at door and lays her down between the lamplit walls, while a chill rain against the window falls.
為奴底事倍傷神，半為憐春半惱春：憐春忽至惱忽去，至又無(wú)言去不聞。
I know not why my heart`s so strangely sad, half grieving for the spring and yet half glad:?Glad that it came ,grieved it so soon was spent.So soft it came ,so silently it went!
昨宵庭外悲歌發(fā)，知是花魂與鳥(niǎo)魂？花魂鳥(niǎo)魂總難留，鳥(niǎo)自無(wú)言花自羞；
Last night ,outside, a
mournful sound was heard:?The spirits of the flowers and of the bird. But neither bird nor flowers would long delay, bird lacking speech,and flowers too shy to stay.
愿奴脅下生雙翼，隨花飛到天盡頭。天盡頭，何處有香丘？
And then I wished that I had wings to fly after the drifting flowers across the sky:?Across the sky to the world`s farthest end, the flowers` last fragrant resting-place to find.
未若錦囊收艷骨，一抔凈土掩風(fēng)流；質(zhì)本潔來(lái)還潔去，強(qiáng)于污淖陷渠溝。
But better their remains in
silk to lay and bury underneath the wholesome clay, pure
substances the pure earth to enrich, than leave to soak and stink in some foul
ditch.
爾今死去儂收葬，未卜儂身何日喪？?jī)z今葬花人笑癡，他年葬儂知是誰(shuí)？
Can I,that these flowers` obsequies attend,?
divine?how soon or late my life will end? Let others laugh flower-burial to see:?Another year who will be burying me?
試看春殘花漸落，便是紅顏老死時(shí)；一朝春盡紅顏老，花落人亡兩不知！
As
petals drop and spring begins to fail, the bloom of youth, too, sickens and turns pale.?One day,when spring has gone and youth has fled，the Maiden and the flowers will both be dead.
編輯小注：
1，此詩(shī)出自《紅樓夢(mèng)》第二十七回《滴翠亭楊妃戲彩蝶 埋香冢飛燕泣殘紅》
2，本文所選為通行本版本，不拘于個(gè)別詞字的其他版本
原詩(shī)賞析：
進(jìn)入賈家的林黛玉雖然賈母百般憐愛(ài)，然而她個(gè)性鮮明的性格卻為王夫人，這個(gè)賈府實(shí)際的掌權(quán)者所不容。而權(quán)力執(zhí)行者王熙鳳自然是站在自己的姑媽這一邊的。因此，林黛玉總有寄人籬下之感?？v有賈母和寶玉再多的關(guān)心和疼愛(ài)，悲涼傷感的情緒依然如影隨形。在這樣的心境之下，作此悲音，自然是內(nèi)心情感的真實(shí)寫(xiě)照了。然而命運(yùn)的不祥和結(jié)局的凄涼卻已是表露無(wú)遺了。
譯文賞析
其實(shí)中國(guó)古詩(shī)詞最難翻譯的并不是它的意思，而是古風(fēng)古韻的味道。這些味道是通過(guò)詩(shī)人精妙絕倫的選詞實(shí)現(xiàn)的。比如，《葬花吟》原詩(shī)中出現(xiàn)的“紅”、“香”、繡簾”、“錦囊”、“香巢”、“青燈”等詞語(yǔ)，或富麗堂皇或清雅高貴，勾勒出詩(shī)人想象中的美麗景象。而翻譯這些詞語(yǔ)則十分困難。
該詩(shī)譯文的處理有好有壞，我們來(lái)看看比較好的幾處：1，“落絮輕沾撲繡簾”的翻譯。微風(fēng)中的花瓣輕輕飄香門(mén)簾，不是拍打，不是撞擊，而是一個(gè)“撲”字，因此是很輕柔的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。譯文用到了“softly strikes against the curtained door”還是相當(dāng)傳神的；2，“明年閨中知有誰(shuí)”中的閨中密友的翻譯，譯文作者用到了sweet companions，個(gè)人覺(jué)得比較準(zhǔn)確，遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)close friends這樣的粗淺表達(dá)；3，“花自羞”的翻譯無(wú)疑是整首詩(shī)最妙的一句，“bird lacking speech,and flowers too shy to stay”，花不是不愿常開(kāi)，而是因?yàn)樘^(guò)嬌羞纖弱，不為世所容，難以長(zhǎng)久，形象生動(dòng)的表述。
再來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)處理不是很好的地方：1，“一年三百六十日，風(fēng)刀霜?jiǎng)?yán)相逼”整句翻譯頗為雷人，逐字逐詞的翻譯堆砌，一團(tuán)死氣。其實(shí)這樣的句子翻譯取大意即可，原詩(shī)此處也是刻意夸張的表述，無(wú)非是表現(xiàn)少女朝朝暮暮憂愁多于快樂(lè)，就仿佛花開(kāi)時(shí)間短暫。
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