【雅思口語】口語高分技巧：大事化小形而下
在雅思口語考試中，考官受口試的模式和時(shí)間所限，不可能在口試中很有針對性地發(fā)問，其問題常常是很籠統(tǒng)、概括性很強(qiáng)的。因此，很多考生在回答問題時(shí)，喜歡說些空洞乏味的大話而沒有提供具體而生動的細(xì)節(jié)信息。殊不知，這些籠統(tǒng)和寬泛的回答很難得到高分。這時(shí)，考生應(yīng)采取的策略是“大事化小”，也就是考官的問題可以空洞，而考生的回答卻必須具體。在遵循“形而下”總原則的前提下，考生必須提供具體的細(xì)節(jié)，做到言之有物。
朗閣海外考試研究中心在此，從“比較對比”這一角度出發(fā)，節(jié)選雅思口語考試真題為例，探索合理的應(yīng)對方法，以供考生參考。
Part 1典型案例：
【真題實(shí)例】:
Q: Are your weekday and weekend routines different?
【模擬考場】:
A1: Yes, they are … quite different…
A2: Yes, on weekdays I’m busy with writing office reports, arranging activities, but whenever weekends come I just forget everything about job and have a good time with my family. I believe this is a sensible way of life, and we ought to keep a balance between career and family.
【專家點(diǎn)評】
Answer 1是考生碰到不太有話說的問題時(shí)的回答。相對而言，之所以Answer 2要更具體，內(nèi)容會更豐富，就是本著“形而下”的原則，對“routine”在工作日和周末的安排進(jìn)行了比較對照（工作日忙于工作，周末與家人共享天倫之樂），既展開了細(xì)節(jié)，又充分回答了問題。
【溫馨提醒】
千萬別忘了使用表示比較邏輯聯(lián)系語來突出異同。如果不是正常的五天工作制，那就應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充說明。
以下為典型的“比較對照”表達(dá)句型，可供考生參考：
The upside of … is that… , but on the downside, …
The good thing about … is that …
The bad thing about … is that …
While it may be nice to … I think it is also quite …
The difference between … is that … is more … while … is more…
While … is perhaps more …, … is more…
The main difference between the ways… and the way… is in the …
The biggest difference between … about … years ago and today is that …
There are some key differences between … and …
One big way that … differ from … is …
Yes, there are quite a few differences between … and … A good example is …
The difference between … and … is that … tend to be more … while …
There is more … in … than in …
… in the past were more …,but now they are …
… is not as … as … but in many ways it is more… For one thing, you can …
There were fewer… years ago, compared to …
Part 2典型案例：
【真題實(shí)例】:
Q:
Compare the city life as opposed to country life
You should mention:
the convenience of the city
attractions of the country
disadvantages of both
and discuss which lifestyle you prefer and why.
【溫馨提醒】:
碰到此類“比較利弊型”（comparing advantages and disadvantages）考題，考生一定要從多方面提供拓展信息，并用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言信號標(biāo)志語把“兩者利弊”有條理地組合在自己的話語中。朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生可以利用準(zhǔn)備的1分鐘，通過“頭腦風(fēng)暴法”在頭腦中檢索出話題相關(guān)的詞匯。例如就本題而言，考生可以在準(zhǔn)備期間用草稿紙記錄下頭腦中所呈現(xiàn)的詞匯。記錄時(shí)要快速，字體不工整或詞匯排列凌亂都沒關(guān)系，總之你是在努力檢索相關(guān)的詞匯就行了。你可能檢索到如下詞匯：
Advantages of city life and country life:
City life: exciting; attractive to young people; offering the best schools,hospitals and stores;offering a variety of sports facilities and other leisure activities;many chances of employment; efficient public transportation system
Country life: close to nature; breathing fresh air; enjoying the songs of birds; people in countryside are more friendly/honest/frank with each other;they are more hospitable; a good living environment
Disadvantages of city life and country life:
City life: unhealthy;pollution(e.g. water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution);no natural space for children;far away from nature; noisy;full of pressures;more crimes;overcrowded and expensive living;rush hours and traffic jams
Country life: boring; no exciting event; inefficient transportation; delayed news; isolated from metropolitan city; little opportunity to make a lot of money or to find a job; no entertainment; no good medical service; lack of modern life facilities;lack of good education
【模擬考場】:
A: In modern societies, most people are in favor of living in big cities because of a better environment to live in. Undoubtedly, a big city has many social,educational and cultural facilities —— pubilc libraries, universities and colleges,museums, art galleries, clubs,etc. It also has a wide variety of big stores,restaurants,theatres and other forms of entertainment. (先介紹城市生活的優(yōu)點(diǎn):環(huán)境好，設(shè)施好，又有很多娛樂場所。)
When it comes to the country,you can find its attraction too. You can be very close to nature. The air is fresh and the sun shines on you warmly.Instead of noise, you hear the singing of birds which makes you relaxed and happy. Life in the country is so great, cozy and colourful.(再介紹鄉(xiāng)村生活的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：靠近自然，空氣新鮮，享受陽光，沒有噪音，人感到放松，舒適。和城市生活形成鮮明對比。)
However, both the city and the country have their weak sides.There are serious air pollution,ceaseless noise,traffic jams and more crimes in big cities;whereas country life can be very boring with little opportunity to make money.(接著提出城市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活都各有其缺點(diǎn)：城市生活是多空氣污染，無休止的噪音，交通堵塞，和更多的犯罪；而鄉(xiāng)村生活賺錢的機(jī)會比較少。)
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to have a city life as most people do. Modern people can easily adapt themselves to city life. Noise, traffic, violence,etc. are hardly noticeable. I believe that country life is dull and inconvenient. Actually, we modern people are too sophisticated for simple country pleasure. We need more opportunities to meet a variety of interesting people, to get better jobs and to fulfill our ambitions and dreams. In big cities there are always a greater range of jobs for us to choose. I suppose this is one of the most important reasons why so many people want to live in big cities.(最后點(diǎn)明考生自己的觀點(diǎn)：更喜歡城市生活。城市人可以很快融入城市生活 —— 噪音、交通、暴力問題很難感覺到。鄉(xiāng)村生活很無聊，也不方便。但事實(shí)上，城市人已經(jīng)無法單純地享受簡單生活的快樂了，我們需要更多機(jī)會去結(jié)識人，找更好的工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想。畢竟在大城市里，工作種類是很多的。)
Part 3典型案例：
【真題實(shí)例】:
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism for the country?
【溫馨提醒】
問題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對于國家而言的利弊，所以不應(yīng)該談?wù)搶δ骋惶囟ǖ貐^(qū)的影響。
【模擬考場】:
A: It helps to develop the local economy. In many parts of the world, tourism constitutes a major part of the economy.Some areas in certain countries are almost exclusively dependent on income from the tourist trade.But sometimes the natural scenery will be severely spoiled if too many vistors come and there is no proper management and service to match it.
