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行時(shí)也可用在某些從句中，這時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前，從而對整個(gè)句子產(chǎn)生影響，例如： 1. I heard you’d been calling me. 我聽說你一直在給我打電話。 2. That was just the result I had been expecting. 這正是我一直期待的結(jié)果。 3. Don’t worry about it，that was exactly what we had been doing. 不要擔(dān)心，那正是我們一直做的事。 4. I wanted to know what had been going on. 我想知道一直在發(fā)生什么事。 5. I wanted to know what she had been thinking about. 我想知道她在想什么。 6. They said that they had been fighting with their enemy all these years. 他們說這些年來他們一直在和他們的敵人做斗爭。 7. Tom said that he had been fighting with cancer all these years. 湯姆說他這些年來一直和癌癥做斗爭。 8. Her mother said that she had been playing game all day. 她的媽媽說，她玩了一天的游戲。 9. I had been reading your book. 我一直在看你寫的書。 10. The rain had been pouring all night. 傾盆大雨下了一整夜。 11. The point is that we had been traveling in many countries. 最關(guān)鍵的是，我們一直在許多國家旅游。 特別注意的是：凡不能用于進(jìn)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不存在過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但動(dòng)詞want (有時(shí)還有wish) 除外。如： The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time. 男孩對新小刀很高興。他早就想要一把了。

到她時(shí)，她在那家公司已工作十年了。 2.I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. 我沒等多久就來了一輛出租車。 3.She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 這包裹她看了好一會(huì)兒才明白這是寄給她媽的。 4.Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 到那時(shí)為止她一直和她女兒一起住。 5.When I first met her, she had been writing books for two years. 我第一次見到她時(shí)，她過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的過去已經(jīng)寫書兩年了。 6.Until/Up till then she had been speaking with her boss. 到那時(shí)為止她一直和她老板說話。 7. I had not been staying long when my mom came in. 我沒呆多久，我媽媽就進(jìn)來了。 8. My sister had not been waiting long when a bus drew up. 我妹妹沒等多久就來了一輛公交車。 9. Until/Up till then he had been plying basketball with his friends. 到那時(shí)為止他一直和他的朋友打籃球。 10. When I first came in this house, she had been staying for three years. 我第一次進(jìn)來這個(gè)房子時(shí)，她已經(jīng)住了三年了。 ?

一、英語過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+had+been +doing something，例如： 1.? I?had?only?been?reading?a?few?minutes?when?he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘，他就來了。 2. He was out of breath. He had been running. 他氣喘吁吁，免費(fèi)英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，他一直在跑著。 3.She?had?only?been?reviewing?her?lessons?for?a?short?while?when?her little?sister?interrupted?her.? 她僅僅預(yù)習(xí)

完了。 4. There are a lot of things I should have liked to ask you. 有好些事我本想問你的。 5. He knew by the time he arrived she would have finished her lunch. 他知道他到時(shí)她過去將來完成時(shí)的定義是：在過去的一段時(shí)間看將來某段時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或者一種狀態(tài)，它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“would+have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成已經(jīng)吃完午餐了。 6. Well, well! Who would have guessed it! 真是的! 這誰會(huì)想到呀! 7. I thought he would have paid this bill for you. 我想他已經(jīng)為你付賬單了。 8. I thought you would have called the police by now. 我想你現(xiàn)在一定報(bào)警了。 9. There are a lot of things I should have done before 8 o’clock. 有好些事我本應(yīng)該在八點(diǎn)之前完成的。

過去將來完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，可以看出，過去將來完成時(shí)有3種時(shí)態(tài)，第一個(gè)是表過去的動(dòng)作，第二個(gè)表將來，第三個(gè)表完成，而過去將來有可表示為would/should do sth，完成時(shí)表示為have done，因此過去將來完成時(shí)就可表示為：would/should have done.例如： He told me he would have finished it by the end of the next month. 他告訴我他下個(gè)月結(jié)束時(shí)他將完成它。 二、過去將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：should have been done , would have been done.例如： 1.I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong. 我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯(cuò)了。 2.He said that the garden shed would have been being cleaned for two hours by nine o’clock. 他說到九點(diǎn)為止花園的小棚子將已經(jīng)被打掃了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。 3.It would have been completed before 8 o'clock. 它將會(huì)在八點(diǎn)之前被完成。 4.He said?his?work would have been finished by?him?the next day. 他說明天他將會(huì)完成他的工作。

過去將來完成時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。我們在使用過去將來完成時(shí)時(shí)一定要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1、時(shí)間一定是發(fā)生在過去的。例句： 1）He said that they would have arrived by seven o’clock.他說他們在七點(diǎn)鐘前就會(huì)到達(dá)。 2）She told me that she would have finished typing the letter before I came back.她告訴我，在我回來之前她就會(huì)把信件打好的。 3）I thought Judy would have graduated from the college by then.我想屆時(shí)朱迪就已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 2、一定是從過去的時(shí)間看將來的事情 1）I guessed that Mother would have washed my clothes by the time we got back. 我猜我們回來時(shí)媽媽已經(jīng)洗好了我的衣服。 2）I thought he would have told you some interesting things. 我想他會(huì)已告訴你非常有趣的事情。 3）He knew that she would have sold the book for money. 他知道她會(huì)為了錢賣了書。 3、一定是已經(jīng)完成的事情或者狀態(tài) 1）I thought you would have finished your job by now. 我想你現(xiàn)在一定已經(jīng)干完了你的工作。 2)There are a lot of questions I should have liked to ask you. 有好些問題我本想問你的。

過去將來完成時(shí)表示的時(shí)間是過去的時(shí)間看將來的事，且在過去將來的某一時(shí)刻或者某一段時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成已經(jīng)上了出租車了。 4.She said she’d have finished her homework by then. 她說那時(shí)她會(huì)已經(jīng)完成功課了。 5.Tom said he would have arrived by one o’clock. 湯姆說他將于1時(shí)前到達(dá)。 6.She said she’d have slept by then. 她說那會(huì)兒她已經(jīng)睡覺了。 7. If I'd finished it earlier, I'd have seen you on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)完成它，我就能準(zhǔn)時(shí)見你了。 8. If we had paid earlier we could have got this dress. 要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)付款的話，我們就可以得到這條裙子了。 9. If I had

時(shí)遠(yuǎn)了。 10. He said he（ ）with my camera by the end of next month. 他說到下月底就不用我的照相機(jī)了。 11. I guessed that Mother （ ） some sandwiches by the time we got back. 我猜我們回來時(shí)媽媽已經(jīng)做好一些三明治了。 答案：1. would have been 2. could have saved 3. would have met 4.

我們學(xué)習(xí)的英語時(shí)態(tài)有很多，有的簡單明了，但是有的時(shí)態(tài)卻非常抽象，通常不是直接使用而是放在間接引語或虛擬語氣中，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)就是一例。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，就是相對過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻來說已經(jīng)對現(xiàn)在有直接影響并且還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。放在間接引語或虛擬語氣中時(shí)它的時(shí)態(tài)不能再向前推，向后推是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 過去完成進(jìn)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法很相近它通常表示某個(gè)過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻還未完成一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。例如： 1.He had been waiting for two weeks. (He was still waiting) 他已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)星期了。 2.Up

開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 2、當(dāng)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句描述的是一個(gè)從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)狀態(tài)時(shí)，從句也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語、since+含有過去行時(shí)，但這種情況相對較少見。 特別提醒：如果大家想要了解更多英語方面知識(shí)，或者想要深入學(xué)習(xí)英語的，可以掃以下二維碼，定制滬江網(wǎng)校精品課程，高效實(shí)用的個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)方案，專屬督導(dǎo)全程伴學(xué) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中since的三種主要用法包括：與表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語/短語連用、與含有過去含義的時(shí)間狀語從句連用、以及與一段時(shí)間+ago連用。這些用法都體現(xiàn)了since在表達(dá)時(shí)間關(guān)系和動(dòng)作持續(xù)性方面的強(qiáng)大功能。通過學(xué)習(xí)和掌握這些用法，我們可以更準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表達(dá)復(fù)雜的時(shí)間關(guān)系和動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。