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在有直接影響并且還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 例如： He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.（有一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)） She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 不過(guò)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)并不一定表示這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作將持續(xù)下去： 例如： She came back at six. She had been waiting for him three hours.（六點(diǎn)時(shí)她已經(jīng)沒(méi)有再等了） 而過(guò)去完成時(shí)（The Past Perfect Tense）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成對(duì)過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果。 例如： I had finished reading the book by ten o'clock last night到昨晚10點(diǎn)鐘，我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完了這本書。 要想完全掌握這兩種時(shí)態(tài)，需得經(jīng)過(guò)大量的練習(xí)，讀完這篇文章，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們趕緊拿起筆來(lái)，多多練習(xí)，爭(zhēng)取能正確合理地使用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)！

由 had 加動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。 　　例句： 　　She said she had never been to Paris. 她說(shuō)她從未去過(guò)巴黎。 　　When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?　　By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛(ài)迪生開(kāi)始自己謀生。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作， 即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題： 漢譯英 1.到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會(huì)了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把這篇課文讀了三遍。 3.十點(diǎn)鐘前，我們到達(dá)了車站。 4.在他上中學(xué)之前，已學(xué)會(huì)了兩百多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 5.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始五分鐘了。 6.昨天找看見(jiàn)李平了。自從我們離開(kāi)北京，就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面。 7.我昨天沒(méi)有給魏華那本書，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)為

的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 ? She?was?very?happy.?Her?whole?family?were?pleased?with?her,?too.?She?had?just?won?the?first?in?the?composition?competition.? 3.?當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用?and?或?but?連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在?before?，?after?，?as?soon?as?引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間

過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 The said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. （3）根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí) （1）常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情況： ①by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to 另：當(dāng)從句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句和從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left.

行時(shí)。[/cn]? I realised I had been working too hard so I decided to have a holiday. ? By the time Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours. [en]NOTE[/en][cn]備注[/cn] [en]The most common mistake with the past perfect is to overuse it or to use it simply because we are talking about a time in the distant past.[/en][cn] 最常見(jiàn)的過(guò)度使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的錯(cuò)誤，就是僅僅是用它形容遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的時(shí)間。[/cn]? The Romans had spoken Latin[en]Remember that we only use the past perfect when we want to refer to a past that is earlier than another time in the narrative.[/en][cn]請(qǐng)記住，我們用過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)只是用它來(lái)特指一個(gè)早于敘述的過(guò)去某時(shí)間的時(shí)間。[/cn]

行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如： Have you been meeting her lately？（a） Have you met her lately？（b） （a）句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意，（b）句則沒(méi)有。（b）句如與often，every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。 （5）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)完成時(shí)（Present perfect）過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過(guò)去某一時(shí)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直 敘，沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如： What have you been doing？（a） What have you done？（b） （a）句表示驚異。（b）句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Have you been waiting long？（a） Have you waited long？（b） （a）句較（b）句生動(dòng)。又，（a）句比較口語(yǔ)化。 I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a） I have long wanted to meet you．（b） （a）句比（b）句更親切，更有禮貌。 Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a） Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b） （a）句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗。（b）只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。 下面還有一例，頗為有趣: Who's been eating my apples？（a） Who's eaten my apples？（b） （a）句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿，（b）句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。又，（a）句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有“蘋果未 被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。?

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)作過(guò)。 He had worked before he decided to go to college. 3.我寫這篇有關(guān)愛(ài)爾蘭的小說(shuō)以前，曾去過(guò)愛(ài)爾蘭。 I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people. 4.我在上大學(xué)以前，已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)微積分。 I had studied calculus before I got into college. 5. 周一以前，已經(jīng)下過(guò)雪了。 It had already snowed before Monday. 三、如果我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)較早發(fā)生事件的連續(xù)性，我們可以用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行式。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)惟一不同的地方是 had done 的地方一定要用had been doing 。以下是一些過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行式的例子： 1. I had been watching TV before you called me. 2. I had been

過(guò)去完成時(shí)是考試中必不少的題型，想知道你學(xué)得怎么樣？想了解你掌握得是否踏實(shí)，快來(lái)測(cè)測(cè)吧。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)是考試中必不少的題型，想知道你學(xué)得怎么樣？想了解你掌握得是否踏實(shí)，快來(lái)測(cè)測(cè)吧。