表示時(shí)間的連詞when的用法總結(jié)
when作為從屬連詞,在句子中引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,它有多種不同的表達(dá):
1. when表示時(shí)間,意為“當(dāng)……時(shí);在……的時(shí)候”。如:
1)When you see him, please say hello to him.見(jiàn)到他時(shí),代我問(wèn)他好。
2)When you have finished your experiment,please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards.當(dāng)你們做完實(shí)驗(yàn)后,請(qǐng)把實(shí)驗(yàn)室整理好并把物品放回柜子中。
2. when表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,在 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
1)When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls. 我在日本時(shí),買了一些漂亮的珍珠。
2)When I reached the station, the train had left. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)火車站時(shí),火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。
表示前面的敘述所沒(méi)有提到過(guò)的信息。它總是對(duì)所描述的事件予以引人注目的強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“這時(shí);突然”;如:
1) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑著的時(shí)候,門突然開(kāi)了,他妻子走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
2) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事時(shí),突然聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。
3) We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們剛要出發(fā)就開(kāi)始下雨了?!?br>
4) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?,鈴聲就響了起?lái)。
5) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again. 他剛剛到達(dá)就又要離開(kāi)了。
表示條件,相當(dāng)于 if ,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write? 如果我連讀和寫(xiě)都不會(huì),我怎么能找到工作呢?
5. when表示對(duì)比,相當(dāng)于 whereas, while, since, 意為“既然;然而”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他們不愿聽(tīng)我的,我又怎么能幫助他們弄明白呢?
從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“本來(lái)……卻……”。例如:
She paid when she could have entered free. 本來(lái)可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng),而她卻付了款。
7.由 when 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,如果主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或是 it ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又含 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)和 be 動(dòng)詞常常被省略,就變成“ when + V-ing/ V-ed/ adj/ 介詞詞組”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
When in Rome, do as Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
When (we are ) young, we are full of hope. 年輕時(shí),我們大家總是充滿希望。
8. When在句子中的位置靈活多樣,它作為關(guān)系副詞時(shí),在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),例如:
I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然記得第一次見(jiàn)到詹妮弗的那一天。