托福閱讀常見(jiàn)十種題型，包括大家常見(jiàn)的詞匯題和事實(shí)信息題。在這十種題型中，修辭目的題，跟其他題型不同，它注重考察單詞，短語(yǔ)或是句子在句子之內(nèi)或句子之間起到的作用，這就要求大家平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)，在涉獵原文細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)之上，要有意識(shí)地注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系以及段落的結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)練習(xí)培養(yǎng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)木渥舆壿嬯P(guān)系和緊湊的文章構(gòu)架，對(duì)于無(wú)論是寫(xiě)作還是口語(yǔ)都有著一定的幫助。

此次目的題參考的內(nèi)容基本可以分為三類(lèi)，其一，作者在句中提到一些單詞或短語(yǔ)或是句子是為了舉例說(shuō)明之前的相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)，輔助讀者更好地理解原文的信息。其二，作者提供相關(guān)信息目的在于解釋說(shuō)明某一現(xiàn)象或是事件，本質(zhì)與舉例說(shuō)明較為類(lèi)似，也是為了幫助讀者更好地理解信息，其三，作者在提出某些重要的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，為了突出個(gè)別的信息點(diǎn)，而引入一些單詞短語(yǔ)或句子，目的是為了強(qiáng)度?；趯?duì)修辭目的題作者寫(xiě)作目的本身的分析和理解，我們可以更好地解決相關(guān)題目。以下以第一種舉例說(shuō)明的情況為例，重點(diǎn)講解如何解決此類(lèi)題目。

我們來(lái)看一道題，此題出自TPO14--children and advertising中的第10題，題干問(wèn)why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子，Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal.讀完句子看到句中的插入短語(yǔ)for example，知道此句式為例子，屬于舉例說(shuō)明，我們都知道例子是用來(lái)證明之前的信息，所以向前反推，看到緊接其前這樣的內(nèi)容In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other.這兩句第一句解釋了host selling，第二句提到host selling的影響，所以得知緊接其后的句子是為了例證這兩點(diǎn)信息，即host selling的概念以及它產(chǎn)生的影響。得出正確選項(xiàng)To help explain what is meant by the term "host selling" and why it can be misleading to children。

再比如TPO16中trade and the ancient middle east一文中第12題考到In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vasco da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa?根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文句子：as occurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route.讀句子as表示正如…得知此處為舉例說(shuō)明，例證之前的信息，看到前半句since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power。得知提到Vasco da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa目的是為了證明新的國(guó)際貿(mào)易路線的發(fā)展可能破壞貨幣基礎(chǔ)并且侵蝕國(guó)家權(quán)力。得出答案為T(mén)o present an instance in which Middle Eastern states lost money and power because of their reliance on long-distance trade。

再如TPO25 The surface of mars一文中的第6題In paragraph 3, why does the author compare Maxwell Mons on Venus to the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth?根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文句子It is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth rise to about the same height (about 10 kilometers) above their respective bases-Earth and Venus has similar surface gravity.通過(guò)句中短語(yǔ)It is no accident that得知此處為舉例論證，所以向前看，緊接其前的句子為T(mén)he lower the gravity, the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the mountain.可知原文想要闡述的信息是地心引力和山脈高度直接的關(guān)系，而且地心引力越低則重量越低，隨之山的高度越高，所以緊接其后比較Maxwell Mons on Venus 和the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth完全是為了論證這個(gè)信息，由此容易選得正確選項(xiàng)為T(mén)o help explain the relationship between surface gravity and volcano height。

修辭目的題中，舉例論證是?？键c(diǎn)，常見(jiàn)的表示舉例的提示性的單詞或短語(yǔ)有：for example/for instance/such as/as/as a example of/one of…/this is the case…等。如果題干中關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)原文的句子里有相關(guān)的表示例證的單詞，短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)，則向前看前面的句子，答案也就隨之浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。所以在平時(shí)的閱讀練習(xí)中，大家一定要注意句子之間邏輯關(guān)系，句與句之間不是互相獨(dú)立的，而是緊密聯(lián)系，互相支撐，構(gòu)建段落，甚至是全文。