第十一屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議在人民大會堂開幕，聽取國務院總理溫家寶作政府工作報告，審查年度計劃報告和預算報告。以下為十一屆全國人大五次會議開幕會及政府工作報告全文：

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。
Fellow Deputies, on behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2011年工作回顧
I. Review of Work in 2011

過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發(fā)展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。
Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home.?Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%；公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8%；糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創(chuàng)歷史新高；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1221萬人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。
China's GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year; government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%; and the country's grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons. A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.

一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：
We accomplished the following in our work last year.

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。
1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我們實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節(jié)奏，努力做到調控審慎靈活、適時適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。
We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace; conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion; and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.

在全球通脹預期不斷增強，國際市場大宗商品價格高位波動，國內要素成本明顯上升，部分農產品供給偏緊的嚴峻形勢下，我們把穩(wěn)定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，堅持綜合施策，合理運用貨幣政策工具，調節(jié)貨幣信貸增速，大力發(fā)展生產，保障供給，搞活流通，加強監(jiān)管，居民消費價格指數、工業(yè)生產者出廠價格指數漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉了一度過快上漲勢頭。
Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision. As a result, increases in the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI) began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.?

下半年，世界經濟不穩(wěn)定性不確定性上升，國內經濟運行出現一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅持宏觀調控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經濟政策基本穩(wěn)定，繼續(xù)控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時適度預調微調，加強信貸政策與產業(yè)政策的協(xié)調配合，加大結構性減稅力度，重點支持實體經濟特別是小型微型企業(yè)，重點支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點保證國家重大在建、續(xù)建項目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾。
In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China's economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation. In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions. We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses; improving the people's wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects; and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion. These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.

我們堅定不移地加強房地產市場調控，確保調控政策落到實處、見到實效。投機、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數城市房價環(huán)比下降，調控效果正在顯現。我們高度重視防范和化解財政金融領域的潛在風險隱患，及時對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務的總規(guī)模、形成原因、償還時限和區(qū)域分布。這些債務在經濟社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，形成了大量優(yōu)質資產；也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區(qū)存在局部性風險。
We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress. Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show.?We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors. We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years. These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets. However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.

我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規(guī)范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩(wěn)妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續(xù)融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國國民經濟繼續(xù)朝著宏觀調控預期方向發(fā)展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩(wěn)、效益較好、民生改善的良好態(tài)勢。
We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects. Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level. China's economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient. Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people's wellbeing is improving.

(二)加快轉變經濟發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調性和產業(yè)的競爭力。
2. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive.

我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優(yōu)化升級，增強發(fā)展后勁。
We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.

鞏固和加強農業(yè)基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業(yè)生產補貼力度，穩(wěn)步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業(yè)農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業(yè)科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業(yè)全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續(xù)5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩(wěn)定躍上新臺階。
We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation. We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas. We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily. We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters. Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan. We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture. China's grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history. Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China's overall grain production capacity has reached a new level.

繼續(xù)推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區(qū)人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。
We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.

加快產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化升級。大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產業(yè)，新能源、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發(fā)展，三網融合、云計算、物聯(lián)網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業(yè)兼并重組取得新進展。
We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things. We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations.?

支持重點產業(yè)振興和技術改造，中央預算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個項目，帶動總投資3000億元。加快發(fā)展信息咨詢、電子商務等現代服務業(yè)，新興服務領域不斷拓寬。交通運輸產業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經濟社會發(fā)展的基礎進一步夯實。
We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies. This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan. We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas. The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China's economic and social development.

推進節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。發(fā)布實施“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強環(huán)境保護重點工作的意見。清潔能源發(fā)電裝機達到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強重點節(jié)能環(huán)保工程建設，新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發(fā)電機組全部安裝脫硫設施。加大對高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業(yè)的調控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產能1.5億噸、煉鐵產能3122萬噸、焦炭產能1925萬噸。
We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment. We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks. The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year. We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW. We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke.?

實施天然林保護二期工程并提高補助標準，實行草原生態(tài)保護獎補政策，開展湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護試點。植樹造林9200多萬畝。
We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes. And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.

促進區(qū)域經濟協(xié)調發(fā)展。深入實施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃。出臺實施促進西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的一系列優(yōu)惠政策。制定實施新10年農村扶貧開發(fā)綱要和興邊富民行動規(guī)劃。區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調性進一步增強，中西部和東北地區(qū)主要經濟指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區(qū)產業(yè)轉型升級步伐加快。
We promoted the balanced development of regional economies. We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones. We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang; and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there. As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.?

城鎮(zhèn)化率超過50%，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。
China's urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country's social structure. We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai; Zhugqu, Gansu; and Yingjiang, Yunnan.