博士生入學(xué)英語考試協(xié)作部分試題說明
來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
2010-07-26 00:00
根據(jù)教育部1992年頒布的《研究生英語教學(xué)大綱》（以下簡稱大綱《大綱》的要求：“非英語專業(yè)博士研究生英語入學(xué)水平原則上應(yīng)達(dá)到或高于碩士生的通過水平?！??
《大綱》中對碩士生的寫作要求是“掌握基本寫作技能（如文章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落展開和起承轉(zhuǎn)合等），能按具體要求，在一小時內(nèi)寫出250詞左右的短文，正確表達(dá)思想，語意連貫，無重大語言錯誤?！钡谝徊糠?寫作文的要求，評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及考試中普遍存在的問題??
一 考試要求??
1．文章內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)確,不跑題。?
2．表達(dá)清楚。語言簡潔、準(zhǔn)確、說理清楚,讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫作意圖。??
3．意義連貫。 文字連貫、層次分明、意義表達(dá)完整。要使文章意義連貫必須具有一定的技能，包括較強(qiáng)的語感，遣詞造句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力；??
??? 4．語言規(guī)范。符合英語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣、語法錯誤較少、語言基本功扎實，最終避免中式英語。?
二 作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷介紹?
??? 14 分: 內(nèi)容符合要求, 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容;語言流暢;層次分明,句式有變化。詞匯豐富,句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞準(zhǔn)確,文章長度符合要求。?
??? 11分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容；文字連貫，句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤，文章長度符合要求。?
????? 8分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容；基本清楚表達(dá)的主題的內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯誤，個別是大錯。文章長度符合要求。 ??
????? 5 分： 內(nèi)容基本切題，基本表達(dá)了標(biāo)題或提綱中的內(nèi)容；文字連貫，語言可以理解，但有較多的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯誤，且大錯較多。文章長度基本符合要求。?
????? 2 分： 基本切題，但語句支離破碎，只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。??
????? 0 分： 文不切題。只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫下來，或語句混亂，無法理解。??
????? 附：14 分樣卷??
Topic：?
With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.?
With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.??
In my opinion, we must make some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.??
Secondly, for the viewpoint of the universities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduate’s capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, as far as personnel is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society.??
? In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the international competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)????
? 點(diǎn)評： 該文緊扣主題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，內(nèi)容充實，語言流暢，句式變化多樣。雖有個別小錯，但英語表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng)，長度符合要求。???????????????????????
??? 萬能框架?
??? As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, … Take … in the table(cartoon) for example, it’s … for the … to… But when…(詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請見我給大家發(fā)的郵件資料)??
三 歷年考試中存在的典型問題分析??
1． 不會審題，偏離主題。??
2． 漢語思維，逐字翻譯。常見考生用漢語構(gòu)思文章，同時將漢語句子硬譯成英語。
《大綱》中對碩士生的寫作要求是“掌握基本寫作技能（如文章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落展開和起承轉(zhuǎn)合等），能按具體要求，在一小時內(nèi)寫出250詞左右的短文，正確表達(dá)思想，語意連貫，無重大語言錯誤?！钡谝徊糠?寫作文的要求，評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及考試中普遍存在的問題??
一 考試要求??
1．文章內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)確,不跑題。?
2．表達(dá)清楚。語言簡潔、準(zhǔn)確、說理清楚,讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫作意圖。??
3．意義連貫。 文字連貫、層次分明、意義表達(dá)完整。要使文章意義連貫必須具有一定的技能，包括較強(qiáng)的語感，遣詞造句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力；??
??? 4．語言規(guī)范。符合英語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣、語法錯誤較少、語言基本功扎實，最終避免中式英語。?
二 作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷介紹?
??? 14 分: 內(nèi)容符合要求, 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容;語言流暢;層次分明,句式有變化。詞匯豐富,句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞準(zhǔn)確,文章長度符合要求。?
??? 11分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容；文字連貫，句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤，文章長度符合要求。?
????? 8分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容；基本清楚表達(dá)的主題的內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯誤，個別是大錯。文章長度符合要求。 ??
????? 5 分： 內(nèi)容基本切題，基本表達(dá)了標(biāo)題或提綱中的內(nèi)容；文字連貫，語言可以理解，但有較多的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯誤，且大錯較多。文章長度基本符合要求。?
????? 2 分： 基本切題，但語句支離破碎，只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。??
????? 0 分： 文不切題。只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫下來，或語句混亂，無法理解。??
????? 附：14 分樣卷??
Topic：?
With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.?
With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.??
In my opinion, we must make some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.??
Secondly, for the viewpoint of the universities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduate’s capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, as far as personnel is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society.??
? In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the international competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)????
? 點(diǎn)評： 該文緊扣主題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，內(nèi)容充實，語言流暢，句式變化多樣。雖有個別小錯，但英語表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng)，長度符合要求。???????????????????????
??? 萬能框架?
??? As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, … Take … in the table(cartoon) for example, it’s … for the … to… But when…(詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請見我給大家發(fā)的郵件資料)??
三 歷年考試中存在的典型問題分析??
1． 不會審題，偏離主題。??
2． 漢語思維，逐字翻譯。常見考生用漢語構(gòu)思文章，同時將漢語句子硬譯成英語。