第三十一條 單位犯罪的，對(duì)單位判處罰金，并對(duì)其直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員判處刑罰。本法分則和其他法律另有規(guī)定的，依照規(guī)定。

Article 31 Where a unit commits a crime, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the crime shall be given criminal punishment.? Where it is otherwise provided for in the Specific Provisions of this Law or in other laws, those provisions shall prevail.

? 第三十二條 刑罰分為主刑和附加刑。

Article 32 Punishments are divided into principal punishments and supplementary punishments.

　第三十三條 主刑的種類如下：

Article 33 The principal punishments are as follows:

　　（一）管制；

(1) public surveillance;

　　（二）拘役；

(2) criminal detention;

　?。ㄈ┯衅谕叫?；

(3) fixed-term imprisonment;

　?。ㄋ模o(wú)期徒刑；

(4) life imprisonment; and

　?。ㄎ澹┧佬?。

(5) the death penalty.

　第三十四條 附加刑的種類如下：

Article 34 The supplementary punishments are as follows:

　　（一）罰金；

(1) fine;

　?。ǘ﹦儕Z政治權(quán)利；

(2) deprivation of political rights; and

　?。ㄈ]收財(cái)產(chǎn)。

(3) confiscation of property.

　　附加刑也可以獨(dú)立適用。

Supplementary punishments may be imposed independently.

　第三十五條 對(duì)于犯罪的外國(guó)人，可以獨(dú)立適用或者附加適用驅(qū)逐出境。

Article 35 Deportation may be imposed independently or supplementarily to a foreigner who commits a crime.

　第三十六條 由于犯罪行為而使被害人遭受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的，對(duì)犯罪分子除依法給予刑事處罰外，并應(yīng)根據(jù)情況判處賠償經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

Article 36 If a victim has suffered economic losses as a result of a crime, the criminal shall, in addition to receiving a criminal punishment according to law, be sentenced to making compensation for the economic losses in the light of the circumstances.

　　承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任的犯罪分子，同時(shí)被判處罰金，其財(cái)產(chǎn)不足以全部支付的，或者被判處沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)先承擔(dān)對(duì)被害人的民事賠償責(zé)任。

If criminal who is liable for civil compensation is sentenced to a fine at the same time but his property is not sufficient to pay both the compensation and the fine, or if he is sentenced to confiscation of property at the same time, he shall, first of all, bear his liability for civil compensation to the victim.

　第三十七條 對(duì)于犯罪情節(jié)輕微不需要判處刑罰的，可以免予刑事處罰，但是可以根據(jù)案件的不同情況，予以訓(xùn)誡或者責(zé)令具結(jié)悔過、賠禮道歉、賠償損失，或者由主管部門予以行政處罰或者行政處分。

Article 37 If the circumstances of a person's crime are minor and do not require criminal punishment, he may be exempted from it; however, he may, depending on the different circumstances of the case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a statement of repentance, offer an apology or pay compensation for the losses, or be subjected to administrative penalty or administrative sanctions by the competent department.

　第三十八條 管制的期限，為三個(gè)月以上二年以下。

Article 38 The term of public surveillance shall be not less than three months but not more than two years.

　　被判處管制的犯罪分子，由公安機(jī)關(guān)執(zhí)行。

Where a criminal is sentenced to public surveillance, the sentence shall be executed by a public security organ.

　第三十九條 被判處管制的犯罪分子，在執(zhí)行期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守下列規(guī)定：

Article 39 Any criminal who is sentenced to public surveillance shall observe the following during the term in which his sentence is being executed:

　　（一）遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，服從監(jiān)督；

(1) observe laws and administrative rules and regulations, and submit to supervision;

　?。ǘ┪唇?jīng)執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，不得行使言論、出版、集會(huì)、結(jié)社、游行、示威自由的權(quán)利；

(2) exercise no right of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession or of demonstration without the approval of the organ executing the public surveillance;

　?。ㄈ┌凑?qǐng)?zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)規(guī)定報(bào)告自己的活動(dòng)情況；

(3) report on his own activities as required by the organ executing the public surveillance;

　?。ㄋ模┳袷貓?zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于會(huì)客的規(guī)定；

(4) observe the regulations for receiving visitors stipulated by the organ executing the public surveillance; and

　?。ㄎ澹╇x開所居住的市、縣或者遷居，應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)經(jīng)執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)。

(5) report to obtain approval from the organ executing the public surveillance for any departure from the city or county he lives in or for any change in residence.

　　對(duì)于被判處管制的犯罪分子，在勞動(dòng)中應(yīng)當(dāng)同工同酬。

Criminals sentenced to public surveillance shall, while engaged in labour, receive equal pay for equal work.

　第四十條 被判處管制的犯罪分子，管制期滿，執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)即向本人和其所在單位或者居住地的群眾宣布解除管制。

Article 40 Upon the expiration of a term of public surveillance, the executing organ shall immediately announce the termination of public surveillance to the criminal sentenced to public surveillance and to his work unit or the people of the place where he resides.

　第四十一條 管制的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計(jì)算；判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期二日。

Article 41 A term of public surveillance shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered two days of the term sentenced.

　第四十二條 拘役的期限，為一個(gè)月以上六個(gè)月以下。

Article 42 A term of criminal detention shall be not less than one month but not more than 6 months.

　第四十三條 被判處拘役的犯罪分子，由公安機(jī)關(guān)就近執(zhí)行。

Article 43 Where a criminal is sentenced to criminal detention, the sentence shall be executed by the public security organ in the vicinity.

　　在執(zhí)行期間，被判處拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至兩天；參加勞動(dòng)的，可以酌量發(fā)給報(bào)酬。

During the period of execution, a criminal sentenced to criminal detention may go home for one to two days each month; an appropriate remuneration may be given to those who participate in labor.

　第四十四條 拘役的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計(jì)算；判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 44 A term of criminal detention shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

第四節(jié) 有期徒刑、無(wú)期徒刑

SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT

　第四十五條 有期徒刑的期限，除本法第五十條、第六十九條規(guī)定外，為六個(gè)月以上十五年以下。

Article 45 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be not less than six months but not more than 15 years, except as stipulated in Articles 50 and 69 of this Law.

　第四十六條 被判處有期徒刑、無(wú)期徒刑的犯罪分子，在監(jiān)獄或者其他執(zhí)行場(chǎng)所執(zhí)行；凡有勞動(dòng)能力的，都應(yīng)當(dāng)參加勞動(dòng)，接受教育和改造。

Article 46 Any criminal who is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment shall serve his sentence in prison or another place for the execution. Anyone who is able to work shall do so to accept education and reform through labor.

　第四十七條 有期徒刑的刑期，從判決執(zhí)行之日起計(jì)算；判決執(zhí)行以前先行羈押的，羈押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 47 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

　第四十八條 死刑只適用于罪行極其嚴(yán)重的犯罪分子。對(duì)于應(yīng)當(dāng)判處死刑的犯罪分子，如果不是必須立即執(zhí)行的，可以判處死刑同時(shí)宣告緩期二年執(zhí)行。

Article 48 The death penalty shall only be applied to criminals who have committed extremely serious crimes. If the immediate execution of a criminal punishable by death is not deemed necessary, a two-year suspension of execution may be pronounced simultaneously with the imposition of the death sentence.

　　死刑除依法由最高人民法院判決的以外，都應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)請(qǐng)最高人民法院核準(zhǔn)。死刑緩期執(zhí)行的，可以由高級(jí)人民法院判決或者核準(zhǔn)。

All death sentences, except for those that according to law should be decided by the Supreme People's Court, shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for verification and approval. Death sentences with a suspension of execution may be decided or verified and approved by a Higher People's Court.

　第四十九條 犯罪的時(shí)候不滿十八周歲的人和審判的時(shí)候懷孕的婦女，不適用死刑。

Article 49 The death penalty shall not be imposed on persons who have not reached the age of 18 at the time the crime is committed or on women who are pregnant at the time of trial.

　第五十條 判處死刑緩期執(zhí)行的，在死刑緩期執(zhí)行期間，如果沒有故意犯罪，二年期滿以后，減為無(wú)期徒刑；如果確有重大立功表現(xiàn)，二年期滿以后，減為十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑；如果故意犯罪，查證屬實(shí)的，由最高人民法院核準(zhǔn)，執(zhí)行死刑。

Article 50 Anyone who is sentenced to death with a suspension of execution commits no intentional crime during the period of suspension, his punishment shall be commuted to life imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period; if he has truly performed major meritorious service, his punishment shall be commuted to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 15 years but not more than 20 years upon the expiration of the two-year period; if it is verified that he has committed an intentional crime, the death penalty shall be executed upon verification and approval of the Supreme People's Court.

　第五十一條 死刑緩期執(zhí)行的期間，從判決確定之日起計(jì)算。死刑緩期執(zhí)行減為有期徒刑的刑期，從死刑緩期執(zhí)行期滿之日起計(jì)算。

Article 51 The term of suspension of execution of a death penalty shall be counted from the date the judgment becomes final. The term of a fixed-term imprisonment that is commuted from a death penalty with suspension of execution shall be counted from the date the suspension of execution expires.

　第五十二條 判處罰金，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)犯罪情節(jié)決定罰金數(shù)額。

Article 52 The amount of any fine imposed shall be determined according to the circumstances of the crime.

　第五十三條 罰金在判決指定的期限內(nèi)一次或者分期繳納。期滿不繳納的，強(qiáng)制繳納。對(duì)于不能全部繳納罰金的，人民法院在任何時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)被執(zhí)行人有可以執(zhí)行的財(cái)產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)隨時(shí)追繳。如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的災(zāi)禍繳納確實(shí)有困難的，可以酌情減少或者免除。

Article 53 A fine may be paid in a lump sum or in installments within the time limit specified in the judgment. If a fine is not paid upon the expiration of that time limit, the payment shall be compelled.? If a person is not able to pay the fine in full, the People's Court shall demand the payment whenever it finds the person has property for execution of the fine. If a person has true difficulties in paying because of an irresistible disaster, the fine may be reduced or remitted according to the circumstances.

第七節(jié) 剝奪政治權(quán)利

SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS

　第五十四條 剝奪政治權(quán)利是剝奪下列權(quán)利：

Article 54 Deprivation of political rights refers to deprivation of the following rights:

　　（一）選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)；

(1) the right to vote and to stand for election;

　　（二）言論、出版、集會(huì)、結(jié)社、游行、示威自由的權(quán)利；

(2) the rights of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration;

　?。ㄈ?dān)任國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)職務(wù)的權(quán)利；

(3) the right to hold a position in a State organ; and

　?。ㄋ模?dān)任國(guó)有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位和人民團(tuán)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)的權(quán)利。

(4) the right to hold a leading position in any State-owned company, enterprise, institution or people's organization.

　第五十五條 剝奪政治權(quán)利的期限，除本法第五十七條規(guī)定外，為一年以上五年以下。

Article 55 A term of deprivation of political rights shall be not less than one year but not more than five years, except as stipulated in Article 57 of this Law.

　　判處管制附加剝奪政治權(quán)利的，剝奪政治權(quán)利的期限與管制的期限相等，同時(shí)執(zhí)行。

Anyone who is sentenced to public surveillance is deprived of political rights as a supplementary punishment, the term of deprivation of political rights shall be the same as the term of public surveillance, and the punishments shall be executed simultaneously.

　第五十六條 對(duì)于危害國(guó)家安全的犯罪分子應(yīng)當(dāng)附加剝奪政治權(quán)利；對(duì)于故意殺人、強(qiáng)奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、搶劫等嚴(yán)重破壞社會(huì)秩序的犯罪分子，可以附加剝奪政治權(quán)利。

Article 56 Anyone who commits the crime of endangering national security shall be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment; anyone who commits the crime of seriously undermining public order by intentional homicide, rape, arson, explosion, poisoning or robbery may be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment.

　　獨(dú)立適用剝奪政治權(quán)利的，依照本法分則的規(guī)定。

Where deprivation of political rights is imposed exclusively, the Specific Provisions of this Law shall apply.

　第五十七條 對(duì)于被判處死刑、無(wú)期徒刑的犯罪分子，應(yīng)當(dāng)剝奪政治權(quán)利終身。

Article 57 Any criminal who is sentenced to death or to life imprisonment shall be deprived of his political rights for life.

　　在死刑緩期執(zhí)行減為有期徒刑或者無(wú)期徒刑減為有期徒刑的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)把附加剝奪政治權(quán)利的期限改為三年以上十年以下。

When a death penalty with a suspension of execution is commuted to a fixed-term imprisonment, or a life imprisonment is commuted to a fixed- term imprisonment, the term of the supplementary punishment of deprivation of political rights shall be changed to not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第五十八條 附加剝奪政治權(quán)利的刑期，從徒刑、拘役執(zhí)行完畢之日或者從假釋之日起計(jì)算；剝奪政治權(quán)利的效力當(dāng)然施用于主刑執(zhí)行期間。

Article 58 A term of deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment shall be counted from the date on which imprisonment or criminal detention ends or from the date on which parole begins.? Deprivation of political rights shall, as a matter of course, be in effect during the period in which the principal punishment is being executed.

　　被剝奪政治權(quán)利的犯罪分子，在執(zhí)行期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)和國(guó)務(wù)院公安部門有關(guān)監(jiān)督管理的規(guī)定，服從監(jiān)督；不得行使本法第五十四條規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利。

Any criminal who is deprived of his political rights shall, during the period of execution, observe laws, administrative rules and regulations and other regulations governing supervision and control stipulated by the department of public security under the State Council and submit to supervision; he shall not exercise any of the rights listed in Article 54 of this Law.

第八節(jié) 沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)

SECTION 8 CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY

第五十九條 沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)是沒收犯罪分子個(gè)人所有財(cái)產(chǎn)的一部或者全部。沒收全部財(cái)產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)犯罪分子個(gè)人及其扶養(yǎng)的家屬保留必需的生活費(fèi)用。

Article 59 Confiscation of property refers to the confiscation of part or all of the property personally owned by a criminal.? Where confiscation of all the property of a criminal is imposed, the amount necessary for the daily expenses of the criminal himself and the family members supported by him shall be taken out.

　　在判處沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)的時(shí)候，不得沒收屬于犯罪分子家屬所有或者應(yīng)有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property that the criminal's family members own or should own shall not be subject to confiscation.

　第六十條 沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)以前犯罪分子所負(fù)的正當(dāng)債務(wù)，需要以沒收的財(cái)產(chǎn)償還的，經(jīng)債權(quán)人請(qǐng)求，應(yīng)當(dāng)償還。

Article 60 Where it is necessary to use part of the confiscated property to repay the legitimate debts that the criminal incurred before his property is confiscated, the debts shall be repaid at the request of the creditors.

第四章 刑罰的具體運(yùn)用

CHAPTER IV THE CONCRETE APPLICATION OF PUNISHMENTS